理论与现实相统一的三重维度——基于《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》再思考

The Triple Dimensions of the Unification of Theory and Reality—A Reconsideration Based on the Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law

摘要: 《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》(以下简称《导言》)，是马克思从唯心主义向唯物主义、从革命民主主义向共产主义转变过程中的重要著作。在这部著作中马克思通过对宗教、黑格尔国家哲学、德国现状的三重批判，实现了马克思个人观点的阐述，即超越政治解放实现人的解放，才算是真正的解放。在文章的末尾，马克思论证了无产阶级存在的必然性和现实性，并为如何实现这一必然性提供了方法论：“实现哲学”。在论证“实现哲学”，如何有效地将哲学转换为指导现实的方法论过程中，马克思在《导言》中阐明了理论转向现实的三重维度，一是理论应当符合现实，二是理论必须彻底，三是理论要掌握群众。

Abstract: Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law (hereinafter referred to as the Introduction)is an important work by Marx during his transformation from idealism to materialism and from revolutionary democracy to communism. In this work, Marx, through a triple critique of religion, Hegel’s philosophy of the state, and the current situation in Germany, expounded his personal viewpoint, that is, only by transcending political liberation and achieving human liberation can true liberation be realized. At the end of the article, Marx demonstrated the inevitability and reality of the existence of the proletariat and provided a methodology for how to achieve this inevitability: “realizing philosophy”. In the process of arguing for “realizing philosophy” and how to effectively transform philosophy into a methodological guide for reality, Marx clarified three dimensions for the transformation of theory into reality in the Introduction: first, theory should conform to reality; second, theory must be thorough; third, theory must be grasped by the masses.