针灸治疗高血压的中枢调控机制研究进展
Research Progress on Central Regulatory Mechanisms of Acupuncture in Hypertension Treatment
DOI: 10.12677/tcm.2025.1411681, PDF,   
作者: 侯全亮*, 胡 航, 樊纪春, 宋峻岩：黑龙江中医药大学研究生院，黑龙江 哈尔滨；李 杨#：黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院，黑龙江 哈尔滨
关键词: 针灸；高血压；中枢调控机制；氧化应激；自主神经；Acupuncture； Hypertension； Central Regulatory Mechanism； Oxidative Stress； Autonomic Nervous System
摘要: 高血压是一种常见的心血管疾病，其发病机制复杂，中枢调控系统的功能紊乱是重要因素之一。近年来，针灸作为一种非药物疗法，在高血压治疗中显示出独特的优势。本文综述了针灸治疗高血压的中枢调控机制研究进展，重点探讨了关键脑区(如延髓头端腹外侧区、孤束核、下丘脑室旁核)在血压调节中的作用，以及针灸通过调节神经递质(如GABA、谷氨酸、5-HT、去甲肾上腺素)平衡、抑制NF-κB炎症通路、激活NO-cGMP信号通路和改善氧化应激等分子机制实现降压的效应。此外，本文还总结了常用穴位组合(如太冲–曲池、百会–风池)的中枢协同作用及耳穴调节特性。研究表明，针灸通过多靶点、多通路整合调控自主神经功能，恢复交感–迷走神经平衡，为高血压的治疗提供了新的理论依据和临床实践方向。
Abstract: Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular disorder with a complex pathogenesis, among which dysfunction of the central regulatory system serves as a critical contributing factor. In recent years, acupuncture, as a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, has demonstrated unique advantages in the management of hypertension. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the central regulatory mechanisms underlying acupuncture’s antihypertensive effects, with particular emphasis on the roles of key brain regions (including the rostral ventrolateral medulla, nucleus tractus solitarius, and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus) in blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, it elaborates on the molecular mechanisms through which acupuncture achieves blood pressure reduction, including modulation of neurotransmitter balance (e.g., GABA, glutamate, 5-HT, and norepinephrine), suppression of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway, activation of the NO-cGMP signaling cascade, and amelioration of oxidative stress. Additionally, this review synthesizes evidence regarding the central synergistic effects of commonly employed acupoint combinations (such as Taichong (LR3)-Quchi (LI11) and Baihui (GV20)-Fengchi (GB20)) and the regulatory properties of auricular acupuncture. Current research indicates that acupuncture exerts its therapeutic effects through multi-target and multi-pathway integrated modulation of autonomic nervous function, effectively restoring the sympathetic-vagal balance. These findings provide novel theoretical foundations and clinical perspectives for hypertension treatment.
文章引用：侯全亮, 李杨, 胡航, 樊纪春, 宋峻岩. 针灸治疗高血压的中枢调控机制研究进展[J]. 中医学, 2025, 14(11): 4722-4731. https://doi.org/10.12677/tcm.2025.1411681

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