基于SPEAKING模型的北京中轴线胡同地名研究

A Study on Hutong Toponyms along Beijing’s Central Axis Based on the SPEAKING Model

摘要: 本研究基于SPEAKING模型，通过场景、参与者、目的、媒介四个分析维度，有效地统摄并整合既往零散的分类，构建出新的北京中轴线胡同地名分类系统。在此基础上，揭示出北京胡同专名所呈现的认知深化谱系：从描摹型的直观再现，到转喻型的关联指代，再到隐喻型的形象比拟，最后到谐音型的语音美化。同时揭示了北京胡同通名分化所体现的深层历史逻辑，“胡同–居住”、“街–商业”、“巷–连接”的适配模式并非历史偶然，而是长期社会实践中行为序列和规约维度相互选择的结果。

Abstract: Guided by the SPEAKING model, this study integrates previously fragmented classifications of hutong toponyms along Beijing’s Central Axis into a coherent taxonomic system through four analytical dimensions: Scene, Participants, Ends, and Instrumentalities. On this basis, it reveals a cognitive progression embodied in the specific names of Beijing’s hutongs: evolving from depictive and direct representations, to metonymic associations, then to metaphorical imagery, and finally to homophonic modifications for phonetic enhancement. Moreover, the study elucidates the profound historical logic reflected in the functional differentiation of generic terms of Beijing’s hutongs. The correspondences—“hutong” with residence, “jie” with commerce, and “xiang” with connection—are not historical coincidences, but rather outcomes of long-term social practices shaped by the mutual selection between behavioral sequences and normative dimensions.