哈茨木霉对烟草黑胫病大田防效和烤烟化学成分的影响

Effects of Trichoderma harzianum on Field Control of Tobacco Black Shank and Chemical Constituents of Flue-Cured Tobacco

摘要: 本研究在商洛植烟区设置哈茨木霉灌根处理和清水对照试验，分别在移栽时和团棵期进行两次灌根处理，探究哈茨木霉对烟草黑胫病的大田防效和其对烤烟化学成分的影响。研究结果表明，处理组株高、茎围、最大叶长、最大叶宽分别比对照组提高12.8%、5.9%、18.9%和22.0%，对烟草表现出显著的促进生长的作用。哈茨木霉处理组的发病率从对照组的66.7%下降至16.7%，相对防效达77.4%，具有较好的病害抑制效果。通过对烤制后的烟叶化学成分检测，处理组和对照组中部烟叶之间无显著差异；处理组上部烟叶的烟碱、总糖、还原糖和总氯均低于对照组，总氮和总钾含量高于对照组，哈茨木霉有利于上部烟叶对钾的吸收；在化学成分协调性方面，处理组和对照组的中部烟叶均处于“一般”水平，而处理组的上部烟叶的协调性为“较好”，且优于对照组。综上可见，在商洛烟区哈茨木霉对烟草黑胫病具有较好的防控效果，且对烤烟化学成分和香味等品质影响不大，可以作为烟草绿色高效生产的有效手段进行推广应用。

Abstract: This study conducted root irrigation treatments with Trichoderma harzianum and water control in the tobacco planting area of Shangluo. The treatments were applied twice during transplantation and growth period to investigate the field control effect of Trichoderma harzianum on tobacco black shank disease and its impact on the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the treatment group had significantly higher plant height, stem girth, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width, increasing by 12.8%, 5.9%, 18.9%, and 22.0% respectively compared to the control group, exhibiting a significant growth promotion effect on tobacco. The disease incidence in the treatment group decreased from 66.7% in the control group to 16.7%, with a relative control efficiency of 77.4%, showing a good disease inhibitory effect. Chemical composition analysis of the cured tobacco leaves showed no significant differences between the middle leaves of the treatment group and control group; the nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar, and total chlorine content of the upper leaves in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group, while the total nitrogen and potassium content were higher, indicating that Trichoderma harzianum promote potassium uptake in the upper leaves. In terms of chemical composition coordination, the middle leaves of both the treatment group and the control group were at a “general” level, while the coordination of the upper leaves in the treatment group was “good” and superior to that of the control group. In conclusion, Trichoderma harzianum in the Shanluo tobacco area has a good control effect on tobacco black shank disease and has little impact on the chemical composition and flavor of flue-cured tobacco, making it an effective means for promoting the green and efficient production of tobacco.