杞麓湖表层沉积物有机氯农药的分布、潜在来源及风险评估
Distribution, Potential Sources, and Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Surface Sediments of Qilu Lake
DOI: 10.12677/hjas.2025.1511161, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 李沙斗, 奚映然, 贺皎皎, 张 顺, 龚建亮, 文新宇*：玉溪师范学院地理与国土工程学院，云南 玉溪
关键词: 杞麓湖；有机氯农药；源趋行为；潜在威胁；Qilu Lake； Organochlorine Pesticides； Occurrence and Fate； Potential Threat
摘要: 作为云南省九大高原湖泊之一，杞麓湖长期遭受人为污染，但其沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)的污染特征及生态与健康风险尚不明确。采用气相色谱–质谱法分析22个表层沉积物中OCPs浓度，利用同分异构体比值解析污染物来源，并借助风险熵和USEPA推荐的健康风险评估模型量化生态与健康风险。结果表明，检出OCPs包括α‒HCH、β‒HCH、γ‒HCH、o,p′–DDT和p,p′–DDT，ΣHCHs、ΣDDTs和ΣOCPs平均含量分别为22.07、15.29和37.36 ng/g (干重)，整体处于中低污染水平。OCPs空间分布相似，高值区位于红旗河入湖口和湖心区域，东部较低。源解析指示HCHs主要来自历史残留；而DDTs则源于三氯杀螨醇近期输入。生态风险评价显示绝大部分区域处于高风险，对水生态环境有潜在威胁。健康风险结果显示致癌和非致癌风险均低于限值，健康危害可忽略，但儿童暴露敏感性高于成人，需重点关注。研究可为杞麓湖流域OCPs污染控制及农业型湖泊生态治理提供科学依据。
Abstract: As one of the nine largest plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China, Qilu Lake has long been subjected to significant anthropogenic pollution. However, the pollution characteristics and ecological and health risks of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments have not been thoroughly investigated. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to analyze the concentrations of OCPs from 22 surface sediment samples. Isomer ratio analysis was used to identify pollution sources, while the entropy method and health risk assessment model recommended by the USEPA were applied to quantify ecological and health risks. The results indicated that the detected OCPs included α‒HCH, β‒HCH, γ‒HCH, o,p′‒DDT, and p,p′‒DDT. The mean concentrations of ΣHCHs, ΣDDTs, and ΣOCPs were 22.07, 15.29, and 37.36 ng/g (dry weight), respectively, indicating a moderate to low pollution level. The spatial distribution of OCPs was relatively consistent, with higher concentrations observed at the inflow of Hongqi River and the central part of the lake, while lower levels were found in the eastern region. Source apportionment revealed that HCHs were primarily derived from historical residues, whereas DDTs originated from recent input of dicofol. Ecological risk assessment indicated that most areas were subject to high combined ecological risks, posing a potential threat to the aquatic ecosystem. Health risk evaluation demonstrated that both carcinogenic and non‒carcinogenic risks were below safety thresholds, suggesting negligible health impacts; however, children exhibited higher exposure sensitivity than adults, warranting special attention. This study provides a scientific basis for OCP pollution control in the Qilu Lake basin and supports ecological management strategies for agricultural lake ecosystems.
文章引用：李沙斗, 奚映然, 贺皎皎, 张顺, 龚建亮, 文新宇. 杞麓湖表层沉积物有机氯农药的分布、潜在来源及风险评估[J]. 农业科学, 2025, 15(11): 1278-1289. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjas.2025.1511161

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