2021~2024年重庆市某三甲医院新发恶性肿瘤患者人口学特征分析

Demographic Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed Malignant Tumor Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Chongqing from 2021 to 2024

摘要: 目的：分析重庆市某肿瘤专科医院新发恶性肿瘤患者的人口学特征，为区域恶性肿瘤的防治和专科建设提供依据与思路。方法：收集2021年1月至2024年12月该医院新发恶性肿瘤住院患者的病例信息，按ICD-10编码对病例进行分类，分析不同性别、年龄和地区患者的新发恶性肿瘤类型构成及其顺位变化。结果：研究期间共纳入新发恶性肿瘤住院患者40,870例，2021年9403例，2024年11,445例，年平均增长率6.77%，就诊患者主要来源于重庆市主城区及周边临近区县。男性患者多于女性，男女比例1.06:1。好发年龄主要集中在45~74岁，占患者总数的76.55%。女性恶性肿瘤患者好发年龄段早于男性。男性恶性肿瘤发病前三位依次为肺、肝和结直肠恶性肿瘤，女性则为肺、乳房和甲状腺恶性肿瘤。除性别特有的癌种外，其余各部位新发恶性肿瘤男性发病率均高于女性。肺恶性肿瘤居所有新发恶性肿瘤的首位。结论：2021~2024年该院新发恶性肿瘤住院患者数量呈上升趋势，疾病分布存在性别与年龄差异，应依据肿瘤分布特征及高发病种调整防治策略，加强肿瘤专科能力建设。

Abstract: Objectives: To analyze the demographic characteristics of patients newly diagnosed with malignant tumors at a specialized cancer hospital in Chongqing, providing insights and guidance for regional cancer prevention, treatment, and specialized discipline development. Methods: Case information of inpatients newly diagnosed with malignant tumors between January 2021 and December 2024 was collected. All cases were classified according to ICD-10 codes. Analyses were conducted to examine the composition and ranking changes of newly diagnosed malignancies across different genders, age groups, and regions. Results: A total of 40,870 inpatients with newly diagnosed malignant tumors were recorded during the study period, with 9403 cases in 2021 and 11,445 cases in 2024, reflecting an average annual growth rate of 6.77%. The majority of patients resided in the main urban areas of Chongqing and surrounding districts. Male patients outnumbered females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.06:1. The most common age at diagnosis was between 45 and 74 years, accounting for 76.55% of all patients. The peak incidence age among female patients was earlier than that of males. The top three malignancies in males were lung, liver, and colorectal cancer, while in females they were lung, breast, and thyroid cancer. Except for gender-specific cancers, the number of male cases exceeded that of females across all cancer types. Lung cancer was the most common malignant tumor among all newly diagnosed cases. Conclusions: The number of inpatients newly diagnosed with malignant tumors showed an increasing trend from 2021 to 2024, with distinct variations in disease distribution by gender and age. Prevention and treatment strategies should be adjusted based on the distribution characteristics and high-incidence types of tumors, and specialized oncology capacity building should be strengthened.