正念干预改善幼儿情绪调节能力研究

A Study of Mindfulness Intervention to Improve Emotional Regulation in Young Children

摘要: 正念是一种心理与冥想训练方法，旨在通过有目的、有意识地关注当下经验，增强个体的自我觉察与情绪调节能力。既往研究表明，正念训练能够显著改善个体的情绪调节、情绪控制与情绪表达。然而，大多数研究对象集中在青少年或成年人，对于学龄前儿童的研究证据仍较为有限。本研究以深圳市龙华区某幼儿园32名4~6岁儿童为对象，实施结构化的正念训练课程，并在干预前后分别采用《情绪调节检核表》(Emotion Regulation Checklist, ERC)与《社会能力与行为评价量表》(Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation, SCBE)进行测量。结果显示，儿童在焦虑退缩行为方面显著改善(p < 0.01, d = 0.82)，情绪稳定性显著提升(p < 0.01, d = 0.51)。这些发现表明，正念训练能够有效减少幼儿的内隐行为问题并提升其情绪稳定性。本研究为正念干预在幼儿教育与心理发展领域的应用提供了实证支持。

Abstract: Mindfulness is a psychological and contemplative training method designed to enhance individuals’ self-awareness and emotional regulation by maintaining purposeful, conscious attention to present experiences. Previous studies have demonstrated that mindfulness training can significantly improve emotional regulation, control, and expression. However, most of these studies have focused on adolescents or adults, and there is limited evidence regarding its effects on preschool children. This study recruited 32 children aged 4~6 years from a kindergarten in Longhua District, Shenzhen, and implemented a structured mindfulness training program. The Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC) and the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Scale (SCBE) were administered before and after the intervention. Results showed significant improvements in anxious-withdrawn behaviors (p < 0.01, d = 0.82) and emotional stability (p < 0.01, d = 0.51). These findings indicate that mindfulness training can effectively reduce implicit behavioral problems and enhance emotional stability among preschool children. The study provides empirical support for the application of mindfulness-based interventions in early childhood education and psychological development.