亚当·弗格森思想中所蕴涵的道德哲学观

The Moral Philosophy Contained in Adam Ferguson’s Thought

摘要: 亚当·弗格森作为苏格兰启蒙运动的核心代表人物之一，其道德哲学观以“人性的社会本质”为逻辑起点，融合了古典德性传统与现代社会观察，形成了兼具规范性与实践性的理论体系。本文通过梳理弗格森在《道德哲学原理》《文明社会史论》等著作中的核心论述，结合中外学者研究，从人性论基础、自由意志维度、德性理论建构、商业社会道德批判四个维度系统阐释其道德哲学的内在逻辑。研究发现，弗格森既继承了苏格兰情感主义的人性探索路径，又通过强调“行动中的德性”与“公共精神培育”形成理论特色，其对商业社会道德腐化的预警与美德复兴方案，为破解现代性道德危机提供了重要思想资源。

Abstract: As one of the core representatives of the Scottish Enlightenment, Adam Ferguson took the “social essence of human nature” as the logical starting point, integrating classical moral traditions and modern social observation, and forming a theoretical system with both normative and practical. This article systematically explains the internal logic of Ferguson’s moral philosophy from the four dimensions of the basis of human nature, the dimension of free will, the theoretical construction of morality, and the moral criticism of business society by combing out the core discussions in the Principles of Moral Philosophy, An Essay on the History of Civil Society and other works, and combining the research of Chinese and foreign scholars. The study found that Ferguson not only inherited the path of human exploration of Scottish emotionalism, but also formed theoretical characteristics by emphasising “virtue in action” and “cultivation of public spirit”. His early warning of moral corruption in business society and the revival of virtues have provided important ideological resources for solving the moral crisis of modernity.