黑龙江省乡村旅游韧性与景观格局耦合协调的空间异质性研究

Study on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Coupling Coordination between Rural Tourism Resilience and Landscape Pattern in Heilongjiang Province

摘要: 在乡村振兴与生态文明建设的双重背景下，从生态视角探究乡村旅游的空间格局，对于实现区域可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以黑龙江省4批共49个全国乡村旅游重点村为研究对象，综合运用地理集中指数、核密度分析等空间分析方法，深入探讨了其空间分布特征、集聚模式及内在成因。研究结果表明：黑龙江省乡村旅游重点村在空间上呈显著的集聚型和不均衡分布态势。地理集中指数计算显示，其实际分布密度(G = 31.65)远高于均匀分布状态(G0 = 28.01)。核密度分析进一步揭示了“一核引领、多点散布、北疏南密”的宏观格局：一个高密度核心区集中于西南部的哈尔滨–大庆一带，得益于其优越的区位、经济与交通枢纽地位；中高密度区则围绕区域性中心城市和交通干线呈离散的组团式分布；而广大的北部、东北部地区则因基础设施、经济发展水平等因素制约，成为乡村旅游发展的低密度“洼地”。本研究将景观格局分析与生态旅游适宜性评价相结合，不仅明晰了需优先进行生态保育的区域，也为乡村旅游的生态功能区划提供了科学依据。最终，基于空间异质性特征，提出了针对高密度核心区“提质增效”、中高密度区“强化联动”、低密度区“精准培育与生态保育并重”的差异化发展策略，以增强乡村旅游系统的韧性，为推动黑龙江省乡村旅游的高质量、协调发展提供了理论参考与决策支持。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of both rural revitalization and ecological civilization development, exploring the spatial pattern of rural tourism from an ecological perspective is crucial for achieving sustainable regional development. This study examines 49 national key rural tourism villages from four batches in Heilongjiang Province. Using spatial analysis methods such as the geographic concentration index and kernel density analysis, we delve into their spatial distribution characteristics, agglomeration patterns, and underlying causes. The results indicate that key rural tourism villages in Heilongjiang Province exhibit significant spatial clustering and uneven distribution. The geographic concentration index (G) indicates that their actual distribution density (G = 31.65) is significantly higher than that of a uniform distribution (G0 = 28.01). Kernel density analysis further reveals a macro-pattern of “one core leading, multiple points of distribution, and sparseness in the north and density in the south”: a high-density core area is concentrated in the Harbin-Daqing region in the southwest, benefiting from its advantageous location, economic status, and transportation hub status; medium-and high-density areas are distributed in discrete clusters around regional central cities and transportation arteries; while the vast northern and northeastern regions, constrained by infrastructure and economic development, have become low-density “lowlands” for rural tourism development. This study, combining landscape pattern analysis with ecotourism suitability assessment, not only identifies areas requiring priority ecological conservation but also provides a scientific basis for ecological functional zoning for rural tourism. Finally, based on spatial heterogeneity, differentiated development strategies are proposed: “improving quality and efficiency” in the high-density core area, “strengthening linkages” in the medium-and high-density areas, and “balancing precision cultivation and ecological conservation” in the low-density areas. This strategy aims to enhance the resilience of the rural tourism system and provides theoretical reference and decision-making support for promoting the high-quality and coordinated development of rural tourism in Heilongjiang Province.