用于冷链物流运输的蓄冷材料的研究进展

Research Progress on Cold Storage Materials for Cold Chain Logistics Transportation

摘要: 随着生鲜电商、医药生物冷链等行业的快速发展，蓄冷材料在冷链物流运输中的重要性日益凸显。分析了相变蓄冷材料、复合蓄冷材料、生物基蓄冷材料等主要类型的研究应用进展，重点分析了其相变温度调控、热力学性能优化及规模化应用等主要技术参数。研究表明，通过微胶囊化技术、多孔基质复合等手段，可显著提升蓄冷材料的循环稳定性和能量密度，并具有较好的环保特性。此外，数值模拟与实验验证的结合为材料性能预测提供了新思路，但成本控制与标准化仍是制约产业化的主要瓶颈。未来研究需进一步探索多功能集成材料开发及全生命周期评价，以推动冷链物流的绿色高效发展。

Abstract: With the rapid development of industries such as fresh food e-commerce and pharmaceutical and biological cold chain, the importance of cold storage materials in cold chain logistics transportation has become increasingly prominent. The research and application progress of major types such as phase change cold storage materials, composite cold storage materials, and bio-based cold storage materials were analyzed, with a focus on the main technical parameters such as phase change temperature regulation, thermodynamic performance optimization, and large-scale application. Research shows that through microencapsulation technology, porous matrix composite and other means, the cycling stability and energy density of cold storage materials can be significantly improved, and they also have good environmental protection characteristics. In addition, the combination of numerical simulation and experimental verification provides new ideas for material performance prediction, but cost control and standardization remain the main bottlenecks restricting industrialization. Future research needs to further explore the development of multifunctional integrated materials and their full life cycle assessment to promote the green and efficient development of cold chain logistics.