威胁义构式“VX好看”的功能及成因探析

Analysis of the Function and Causes of the Threat-Meaning Construction “VX Haokan”

摘要: “VX好看”是现代汉语表威胁的反语构式。本文从构式语法和认知语义的角度考察了该构式的内部组构、功能和语义实现。研究发现，“VX好看”的V具有主观施为性，受事X具有指人性，“好看”对受事而言具有[−期望性] [+被动性]。构式具有强主观性和交互主观性，主要功能有：1) 负面评价；2) 以言行事。构式通过对立关系引发“对比联想”，使“VX好看”可从字面义向反语义推衍。交际双方立场对立使语境具有[+冲突性]和[−顺意性]特征，语用变异使构式字面义与语境不匹配，最终激活了构式的威胁义。

Abstract: “VX haokan” is an ironic construction, which used to express threat in modern Chinese. This paper examines the internal components, functions, and semantic realization of the construction from the perspectives of construction grammar and cognitive semantics. The study found that the verb V in “VX haokan” carries subjective agency, the object X has referential properties, and “haokan” in relation to the object exhibits [−expectation] [+passivity]. The construction is highly subjective and intersubjectively subjective, with primary functions including: 1) negative evaluation; 2) performing actions through speech. The construction triggers “contrastive associations” through oppositional relationships, allowing “VX haokan” to extend from its literal meaning to ironic meaning. The opposing stances of the communicators render the context [+conflictual] and [−congruent]. And pragmatic variation causes a mismatch between the construction’s literal meaning and the context, ultimately activating the threatening meaning of the construction.