论我国破产撤销权的构成要件

On the Constitutive Elements of Bankrupt of Avoidance Powers in China

摘要: 为了研究我国现行《企业破产法》破产撤销权构成要件规定及其不足，本研究通过分析我国破产撤销制度的具体规定，采用比较分析法，研究美国、德国破产撤销构成要件的规定，从破产撤销权的范围、可撤销行为的分类、构成要件、立法模式等方面进行比较，结合我国的商事交易现状和破产撤销制度发展阶段，我国破产撤销制度与国外先进立法还有很大差距，不足在于：(1) 列举可撤销行为的立法模式无法适应纷繁复杂的损害债权人利益的行为。(2) 不同典型可撤销行为的临界期间不同，不能充分保护所有债权人利益。(3) 未规定破产撤销权的主观要件，不仅增加交易成本，而且不利于保护交易相对方。(4) 偏颇行为的例外情形规定过于抽象，需要细化规定。对于以上不足部分，提出了我国破产撤销权构成要件规定的完善建议。

Abstract: In order to study the provisions and shortcomings of the current Enterprise Bankruptcy Law in China on the constituent elements of bankruptcy revocation, this study analyzes the specific provisions of China’s bankruptcy revocation system, adopts a comparative analysis method, and studies the provisions of the constituent elements of bankruptcy revocation in the United States and Germany. It compares the scope of bankruptcy revocation rights, classification of revocable acts, constituent elements, legislative models, and other aspects. Considering the current situation of commercial transactions in China and the development stage of the bankruptcy revocation system, there is still a significant gap between China’s bankruptcy revocation system and advanced foreign legislation. The shortcomings lie in: (1) The legislative model of listing revocable actions cannot adapt to the complex and diverse behaviors that harm the interests of creditors. (2) The critical period for different typical revocable behaviors is different, which cannot fully protect the interests of all creditors. (3) The absence of subjective requirements for bankruptcy revocation rights not only increases transaction costs, but also is not conducive to protecting the counterparty in the transaction. (4) The exception provisions for biased behavior are too abstract and need to be refined. For the above shortcomings, suggestions for improving the requirements for the composition of the right to revoke bankruptcy in China have been proposed.