家事诉讼中未成年人权益保护的实践与反思：基于L市法院社会调查样本的司法社会工作分析

Practice and Reflection on the Protection of Minors’ Rights and Interests in Family Litigation: A Judicial Social Work Analysis Based on Social Survey Samples from Courts in City L

摘要: 本文以L市家事少年法院的社会调查样本为依据，分析司法社会工作在家事诉讼中保护未成年人权益的实践情况与问题。L市法院引入社会调查制度，由司法社工、志愿者等多元主体，通过深入访谈、实地观察等方式，调查涉诉未成年人的个人资料、家庭及社会环境，形成报告辅助案件审理，相关案例也体现了社会调查对公正裁决具有的积极作用。研究发现，当前L市家事少年法院进行的社会调查工作存在社会调查内容不全、方法单一、结果准确性存疑，司法社工人才和资金短缺、与相关部门协同不畅，以及未成年人权益保护法律细则不足等问题。对此，本文提出完善调查机制、加强司法社工建设、健全权益保护体系等建议，以提升涉诉未成年人权益保护水平，为其健康成长提供司法支持。

Abstract: Based on social survey samples from the Family and Juvenile Court of City L, this study analyzes the practical implementation and existing problems of judicial social work in protecting minors’ rights and interests during family litigation; the courts in City L have introduced a social survey system, where multiple entities including judicial social workers and volunteers investigate the personal information, family backgrounds, and social environments of minors involved in lawsuits through methods like in-depth interviews and on-site observations, and the resulting reports are used to assist in case trials, with relevant cases also demonstrating the positive role of social surveys in ensuring fair judgments. The study identifies several issues in the current social survey work of the Family and Juvenile Court of City L, such as incomplete survey content, simplistic research methods, questionable accuracy of results, shortages of judicial social work professionals and funding, poor coordination with relevant departments, and insufficient detailed laws on minors’ rights protection; in response, this study proposes recommendations including improving the survey mechanism, strengthening the development of judicial social work teams, and optimizing the rights protection system, which aim to enhance the protection of minors’ rights and interests in lawsuits and provide judicial support for their healthy growth.