公平竞争审查下地方政府奖补政策的合规性困境与优化路径

Compliance Challenges and Optimization Pathways of Local Government Incentive Policies under Fair Competition Review

摘要: 在全国统一大市场的背景下，地方政府奖补政策跟公平竞争审查制度的合规冲突愈发突显，本文围绕地方发展所产生的诉求与全国市场统一目标的内在矛盾，系统分析了地方奖补政策跟公平竞争审查在政策目标、补贴形式、效果评价与权责分工等方面的理论冲突。依靠典型案例做剖析，呈现地方政府在政策执行方面存在的直接指定、隐性门槛以及资源倾斜等三类典型合规困境，并从执行机制及制度激励层面探究其深层成因，基于这一基础，本文提出构建“分类动态审查机制”的优化手段，涉及短期把审查标准完善、中期将监督问责强化、长期推动制度升级及治理转型，以推动规范与发展有机结合。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of a unified national market, the compliance conflicts between local government incentive policies and the fair competition review system have become increasingly prominent. This paper systematically analyzes the theoretical conflicts between local incentive policies and fair competition reviews in terms of policy objectives, subsidy forms, effect evaluation, and division of responsibilities, focusing on the inherent contradiction between local development demands and the unified goals of the national market. Through case analysis, it identifies three typical compliance dilemmas in policy implementation by local governments: direct designation, implicit barriers, and resource tilt. The study explores the underlying causes from the perspectives of implementation mechanisms and institutional incentives. Building on this foundation, the paper proposes the optimization measure of establishing a “categorized dynamic review mechanism,” which involves improving review standards in the short term, strengthening supervision and accountability in the medium term, and promoting institutional upgrades and governance transformation in the long term, to achieve the organic integration of standardization and development.