基于CiteSpace的耳穴治疗胃肠功能障碍的可视化分析

CiteSpace-Based Visualisation of Auricular Acupuncture Points for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

摘要: 目的：基于中医药信息化研究范式，揭示耳穴干预胃肠功能障碍(中医属“脾胃失和”范畴)领域的研究演进特征，为优化临床实践及科研选题提供数据支撑。方法：检索中国知网(CNKI) 2019年1月至2024年11月相关文献，运用CiteSpace 6.3.R1软件构建作者–机构–关键词三维知识图谱，结合模块值(Q = 0.4573)、轮廓值(S = 0.7401)评估聚类质量。结果：共纳入文献267篇，呈现以下特征：① 时序分布：年发文量峰值38篇(2021年)，2023年锐减至12篇；② 合作网络：294位作者形成松散集群(密度0.0069)，跨机构合作仅6.3%；③ 研究热点：高频关键词包括便秘(72次，中心性0.78)、耳穴贴压(58次，0.52)、危重症护理(39次，0.41)；④演进路径：研究前沿从术后管理(2019~2021年)转向中风后胃肠功能重建(2022年)及ICU肠内营养支持(2023~2024年)。结论：耳穴治疗胃肠功能障碍研究呈现“临床实践先导，机制探讨滞后”的特点，建议依托多中心研究构建“耳穴–脑肠轴”效应证据链，同时加强中医外治技术标准化研究。

Abstract: Objective: Based on the research paradigm of traditional Chinese medicine informatisation, to reveal the characteristics of the research evolution in the field of auricular acupuncture point intervention for gastrointestinal dysfunction (the category of “spleen-stomach disharmony” in traditional Chinese medicine), and to provide data support for the optimization of clinical practice and scientific research topic selection. Methods: We searched the China Knowledge Information Network (CNKI) for relevant literature from January 2019 to November 2024, and used CiteSpace 6.3.R1 software to construct the author-institution-keyword three-dimensional knowledge graph, and combined with the modular value (Q = 0.4573) and the profile value (S = 0.7401) to assess the quality of clustering. RESULTS: A total of 267 papers were included, presenting the following characteristics: ① temporal distribution: the peak of annual publications was 38 (2021), and sharply decreased to 12 in 2023; ② collaborative network: 294 authors formed a loose cluster (density 0.0069), and cross-institutional collaboration was only 6.3%; ③ research hotspots: high-frequency keywords included constipation (72 times, centrality 0.78), auricular acupoint pressure (58 times, 0.52), and critical care (39 times, 0.41); ④ Evolutionary path: the research frontier shifted from postoperative management (2019~2021) to post-stroke gastrointestinal function reconstruction (2022) and ICU enteral nutrition support (2023~2024). Conclusion: Auricular acupuncture points for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction are characterized by “leading clinical practice and lagging behind mechanism exploration”, and it is recommended to construct an evidence chain of “auricular acupuncture points-brain-intestinal axis” based on multicentre studies, and to strengthen the standardization of Chinese medicine external treatment techniques.