家长期望压力对宁波市高中学生心理健康影响的实证研究

Empirical Study of the Impact of Parental Expectation Pressure on the Psychological Health of High School Students in Ningbo

摘要: 高中是学生生涯中较为容易出现心理健康问题的阶段，同时也是家长期望与孩子最容易产生冲突和差距的阶段。随着心理健康问题事件频发，政府及教育管理部门对于学生心理健康问题非常关注。从理论上看，家长期望对于高中生的心理健康有重要的影响，但国内对此进行实证的研究还不多。本研究通过对近400位宁波市高中生的问卷调查，使用相关性统计对他们的心理健康状态和家长给予他们的期望压力进行了研究。结果显示，家长期望压力与学生心理健康状况的关系并没有呈现一些理论中显示的倒U形，而是呈线性的负相关，同时它还与学生成绩、学生距离家长目标差距等影响学生心理健康的要素呈负相关。因此建议，家长应当关注自身的期望压力程度，在家庭教育中秉持生本位、沟通互动、多元化、因人而异、后卫等原则，积极塑造良好环境，促进高中学生心理健康发展。

Abstract: High school is a stage in which psychological issues can easily arise, and it is also a stage in which conflicts and gaps appear between parents’ expectations and their children. The psychological issues of students are deeply concerning the government and the education management department due to the frequent occurrence of incidents. Theoretically, the expectation of parents has important implications for the psychological issues of high school students, but it has not been fully researched empirically in China. This study distributes 400 questionnaires to high school students in Ningbo, and investigates their psychological issues with the expectation pressure given by their parents through correlation analysis. The result demonstrates that the correlation between the expectation pressure of parents and students’ psychological issues is a negative linear correlation rather than an inverted U-shaped correlation in some research. Meanwhile, it also has a negative linear correlation with the element’s psychological issues of students, such as scores and the distance of students’ performance to the expectations of parents. Therefore, it is recommended that parents should pay attention to the pressure of expectation on students while upholding the principles of student-centered, communication and interaction, respect for personality, diversification, and defender. It could foster a positive environment for students and promote the development of their psychological health.