双语控制的抑制机制：从争议到演进

Inhibitory Mechanisms of Bilingual Control: From Controversy to Progression

摘要: 在双语者语言产生的过程中，两种语言会同时激活，对目标语言的选择造成干扰，从而引发跨语言冲突。为实现准确的语言产出，双语者需要依赖有效的语言控制机制。本文系统梳理了该领域的理论演进与神经基础，发现研究焦点已从早期“抑制是否必要”的二元争论，逐渐发展为对“全局控制”与“局部控制”等多层次机制的深入理解。神经影像学研究进一步表明，双语控制依赖于一个以右侧额下回为核心的分布式脑网络，且神经调控研究通过因果干预方法，进一步证实右侧额下回在全局与局部控制中均发挥关键作用，推动了相关证据向因果层面跨越。基于上述研究并结合适应性控制假说，本研究认为双语控制可视为一个动态自适应系统，控制策略会根据语言情境、任务需求和个体经验灵活调整。

Abstract: During language production in bilinguals, both languages are simultaneously activated, causing competition and interference with the target language, thereby leading to cross-language conflict. To achieve accurate language production, bilinguals rely on effective language control mechanisms. This study systematically reviews the theoretical evolution and neural basis of bilingual language control, revealing that the research focus has shifted from the early debate on whether inhibition is necessary to a more nuanced understanding of multi-level mechanisms such as global and local control. Neuroimaging studies further indicate that bilingual control relies on a distributed brain network centered on the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG). Moreover, neuromodulation studies, employing causal intervention approaches, have confirmed the critical role of the rIFG in both global and local control, thereby advancing the evidence to a causal level. Based on these findings and in line with the Adaptive Control Hypothesis, this study concludes that bilingual control can be regarded as a dynamic and adaptive system, where control strategies flexibly adjust according to language context, task demands, and individual experience.