古海塘文化遗产中的水智慧与生态思想及其当代启示

Water Wisdom and Ecological Thought in the Ancient Seawall Cultural Heritage and Their Contemporary Implications

摘要: 古海塘作为中国古代水利工程与海洋文明交融的杰出典范，其建造理念与技术体系中蕴含着深邃的水智慧与生态思想。本文以文化遗产学、生态学和水工学交叉视角，系统解析古海塘在工程实践中体现的“顺应自然、和谐共生”的哲学观，“因地制宜、系统协同”的技术观，“因势利导、动态适应”的治理观。研究发现，古海塘通过材料选择、结构设计、工程布局与制度安排，实现了防灾功能与生态维护的有机统一，其“软硬结合”的工程范式、“整体性”的系统思维、“可持续性”的伦理追求，对当代海岸带韧性建设、生态修复及水治理现代化具有重要启示。以钱塘江鱼鳞石塘、临平古海塘为典型案例的实证分析表明，挖掘古海塘的生态智慧可为破解当前“工程治水”与“生态保护”的矛盾提供历史镜鉴。本研究为推动中华传统水文化的创造性转化与创新性发展提供了理论支撑与实践路径。

Abstract: As an outstanding example of the integration of ancient Chinese hydraulic engineering and maritime civilization, the ancient seawall (Haitang) embodies profound water wisdom and ecological thinking in both its construction philosophy and technical system. From an interdisciplinary perspective that combines cultural-heritage studies, ecology and hydraulic engineering, this paper systematically unpacks the philosophical outlook of “following nature and living in harmony”, the technical concept of “adapting measures to local conditions and coordinating systems”, and the governance vision of “guiding situations to advantage and adapting dynamically” that are manifested in the engineering practice of ancient seawalls. The study finds that, through material selection, structural design, engineering layout and institutional arrangements, ancient seawalls achieved an organic unity between disaster prevention and ecological maintenance. Their engineering paradigm of “combining hard and soft measures,” their holistic systems thinking and their ethical pursuit of sustainability offer important insights for present-day coastal-resilience building, ecological restoration and the modernization of water governance. Empirical analysis of the typical cases of the Qiantang River “fish-scale” stone seawall and the Linping ancient seawall demonstrates that excavating the ecological wisdom embedded in these heritage structures can provide historical reference points for resolving the current conflict between “engineering-based water control” and ecological protection. This research furnishes both theoretical support and practical pathways for the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional Chinese water culture.