乌鲁木齐机场雷雨季节复杂天气气候特征分析

Analysis of Climatic Characteristics of Complex Weather during the Thunderstorm Season at Urumqi Airport

摘要: 为了进一步加深对乌鲁木齐机场雷雨季节复杂天气的认识，提升航空气象服务效果，利用乌鲁木齐机场2011~2024年5~9月机场实况对夏季复杂天气进行统计，结果表明雷暴、沙尘日数年际变化呈波动上升趋势，降雨和大风日数呈周期波动；复杂天气在雷雨季节有显著月变化和日变化，雷暴主要集中出现在7月，大风、降雨和沙尘天气主要集中在5~6月，除7月外，雷暴与大风、降雨和沙尘出现频次呈正相关；雷暴、大风、沙尘和降雨日变化一致，大部分集中出现在前半夜，是乌鲁木齐机场进港高峰期，对航空安全运行有较大影响。

Abstract: In order to further deepen the understanding of complex weather during the thunderstorm season at Urumqi Airport and enhance the effectiveness of aeronautical meteorological services, statistics of summer complex weather were conducted using airport observational data from May to September between 2011 and 2024. The results indicate that the annual frequency of thunderstorms and dust events showed a fluctuating upward trend, while the annual frequency of rainfall and strong winds exhibited periodic fluctuations. Complex weather during the thunderstorm season showed significant monthly and diurnal variations. Thunderstorms were concentrated mainly in July, while strong winds, rainfall, and dust events were most frequent from May to June. Except in July, the frequency of thunderstorms showed a positive correlation with the occurrence of strong winds, rainfall, and dust events. Thunderstorms, strong winds, dust events, and rainfall shared a consistent diurnal pattern, mostly concentrated in the first half of the night, which coincides with the peak arrival period at Urumqi Airport, significantly impacting aviation safety and operations.