运动干预对心理健康影响路径的中介变量与运动干预策略建议

Mediating Variables in the Pathways of Exercise Interventions on Mental Health and Strategic Recommendations for Exercise Interventions

摘要: 目的：本研究旨在梳理运动干预对心理健康影响的作用机制与路径，特别关注其在改善抑郁、焦虑及其他常见心理问题中的中介变量。方法：文章通过整合近年来的实证研究与系统综述，进一步阐明运动如何通过心理、社会与生理机制促进心理健康，重点关注自尊、自我效能、身体自我价值、社会支持、情绪调节、睡眠质量、炎症标志物以及身体健康状况等中介因素。结果：研究发现，运动对心理健康的积极作用具有多重中介路径：心理层面上，自尊、自我效能和身体自我价值的提升在运动与心理健康改善之间发挥显著中介作用；社会层面上，社会支持的增强能够显著缓冲心理压力；生理层面上，情绪调节、睡眠质量的改善以及炎症反应水平(如IL-6、CRP)的下降均被证实是运动促进心理健康的重要机制。此外，运动对整体身体健康状况的改善也直接推动了心理健康水平的提升。结论：运动干预在促进心理健康方面展现出显著而多元的作用路径，其机制涵盖心理、社会与生理多个层面。基于上述结论，本研究提出运动干预促进心理健康的八大策略。

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to review the mechanisms and pathways through which exercise interventions influence mental health, with particular attention to the mediating variables involved in alleviating depression, anxiety, and other common psychological problems. Methods: By integrating recent empirical studies and systematic reviews, this article clarifies how exercise promotes mental health through psychological, social, and physiological mechanisms, with a focus on mediators such as self-esteem, self-efficacy, body-related self-worth, social support, emotion regulation, sleep quality, inflammatory markers, and overall physical health. Results: The findings indicate that the positive effects of exercise on mental health operate through multiple mediating pathways: on the psychological level, improvements in self-esteem, self-efficacy, and body-related self-worth play a significant mediating role; on the social level, enhanced social support significantly buffers psychological stress; on the physiological level, improvements in emotion regulation, sleep quality, and reductions in inflammatory responses (e.g., IL-6, CRP) have been confirmed as key mechanisms by which exercise promotes mental health. In addition, improvements in overall physical health also directly contribute to better mental well-being. Conclusion: Exercise interventions demonstrate significant and multifaceted pathways in promoting mental health, encompassing psychological, social, and physiological mechanisms. Based on these findings, this study proposes eight strategic recommendations for exercise interventions to enhance mental health.