增能理论与社会工作视角下易地搬迁妇女电商参与困境研究——以关岭县T社区为例

Research on the Dilemma of E-Commerce Participation of Relocated Women from the Perspective of Empowerment Theory and Social Work—A Case Study of T Community in Guanling County

摘要: 随着易地扶贫搬迁工作重心转向“稳得住、能致富”，产业振兴成为巩固搬迁成果的关键。农村电商作为数字经济赋能乡村产业的重要载体，与易地搬迁妇女的生计发展需求高度契合，然而该群体在电商参与中面临显著困境。本文基于增能理论，构建“个体–人际–环境”三维分析框架，以关岭布依族苗族自治县T社区为个案，深入剖析易地搬迁妇女电商参与的多维障碍。研究发现，其困境系统性地交织于三个层面：在个体层面，表现为传统观念与数字经济的认知冲突、数字素养与实操能力的双重欠缺；在人际层面，受制于固化的性别分工与人际网络断裂；在环境层面，则面临政策适配不足与公共服务缺失的结构性制约。针对上述困境，研究提出系统性的赋能路径：在自我增能维度，需开展认知引导与技能培训，激发内生动力；在合作增能维度，应重构社区与家庭支持网络，促进协同发展；在环境增能维度，要推动政策与服务优化，构建支持性生态。本研究旨在为破解民族地区易地搬迁妇女的发展瓶颈提供理论参考与实践启示，助力其通过数字融入实现从“稳得住”到“能致富”的过渡。

Abstract: As the focus of poverty alleviation through relocation shifts to ensuring stability and prosperity, industrial revitalization has become the key to consolidating the achievements of relocation. Rural e-commerce, as a significant carrier of digital economy empowering rural industries, aligns closely with the livelihood development needs of relocated women. However, this group faces significant challenges in participating in e-commerce. Based on the empowerment theory, this paper con-structs a three-dimensional analytical framework of “individual-interpersonal-environment”, taking T community in Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County as a case, to deeply analyze the multi-dimensional obstacles faced by relocated women in e-commerce participation. The research finds that their predicaments are systematically intertwined at three levels: at the individual level, it is manifested as the cognitive conflict between traditional concepts and the digital economy, and the dual deficiency of digital literacy and practical skills; at the interpersonal level, it is constrained by the solidified gender division of labor and the fracture of interpersonal networks; at the environmental level, it is faced with structural constraints of insufficient policy adaptation and the lack of public services. In response to the above predicaments, the research proposes a systematic empowerment path: in the dimension of self-empowerment, cognitive guidance and skills training should be carried out to stimulate endogenous motivation; in the dimension of cooperative em-powerment, the community and family support networks should be reconstructed to promote coordinated development; in the dimension of environmental empowerment, policy and service optimization should be promoted to build a supportive ecosystem. This study aims to provide theoretical references and practical inspirations for breaking the development bottlenecks of relocated women in ethnic areas, and assist them in achieving the transition from “stability” to “prosperity” through digital integration.