基于SWAT模型的浑太河流域非点源氮磷污染负荷分布模拟研究
SWAT-Based Modeling of Spatiotemporal Variations in Non-Point Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loads in the Huntai River Basin
DOI: 10.12677/aep.2025.1511168, PDF,   
作者: 欧阳婉盈：辽宁师范大学地理科学学院，辽宁 大连
关键词: 氮磷；SWAT；非点源；浑太河；Nitrogen and Phosphorus； SWAT Model； Non-Point Source Pollution； Huntai River Basin
摘要: 非点源与城市污水排放的复合输入显著加剧流域富营养化风险。以浑太河流域为例，应用SWAT模型模拟分析流域非点源氮磷污染的时空分布特征。研究结果表明：(1) SWAT模型在率定期、验证期的R2、Ens均大于0.7，说明模型在研究区具有较高适用性；(2) 时间分布：2010~2022年间TN和TP总体负荷呈下降趋势，年内变化表现为“汛期高、非汛期低”的特征。(3) 空间分布：TN和TP的高值区主要分布在上中游及库区周边，下游地区负荷相对较低。进一步分析表明，土地利用变化对氮磷输出具有显著影响：耕地和建设用地是流域氮磷输出的主要“源区”，而林地、草地与水域则发挥“汇区”功能，有效削减非点源污染。本研究揭示了浑太河流域非点源氮、磷污染的时空格局及其驱动机制，可为流域水环境管理提供科学依据。
Abstract: The combined input of non-point sources and urban sewage discharge significantly exacerbates the risk of eutrophication in river basins. Taking the Huntai River Basin as an example, the SWAT model was applied to simulate and analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the basin. The research results indicate that: (1) The R2 and Ens values of the SWAT model during the calibration and validation periods are both greater than 0.7, suggesting that the model has high applicability in the study area. (2) Temporal distribution: From 2010 to 2022, the overall loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) showed a downward trend, and the intra-annual variation was characterized by “high during the flood season and low during the non-flood season”. (3) Spatial distribution: The high-value areas of TN and TP are mainly distributed in the upper and middle reaches and around the reservoir area, while the loads in the downstream area are relatively low. Further analysis shows that land-use changes have a significant impact on nitrogen and phosphorus output: cultivated land and construction land are the main “source areas” of nitrogen and phosphorus output in the basin, while forest land, grassland, and water areas function as “sink areas”, effectively reducing non-point source pollution. This study reveals the temporal and spatial patterns and driving mechanisms of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Huntai River Basin, providing a scientific basis for water environment management in the basin.
文章引用：欧阳婉盈. 基于SWAT模型的浑太河流域非点源氮磷污染负荷分布模拟研究[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2025, 15(11): 1541-1552. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2025.1511168

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