修辞情境与翻译策略：高罗佩译《女诫》的文化适配与内容重构

Rhetorical Situation and Translation Strategies: Cultural Adaptation and Content Reconstruction in van Gulik’s Translation of Nǚjie

摘要: 班昭的《女诫》是中国古代女学书的重要作品，具有深远的历史和文化影响。西方对《女诫》的译介不仅引发了对中国儒家女性文化的关注，还影响了对中国古代妇女观的理解。尽管已有多个英译本问世，但对这些译本的修辞策略及其背后的修辞情境的研究仍然不足。本文基于Lloyd Bitzer的修辞情境理论，分析了高罗佩译本的翻译修辞策略，探讨了翻译过程中的修辞调适如何回应特定的修辞情境。通过对高罗佩译本的紧急情况、受众及修辞局限的分析，揭示了其在内容重构、归化策略以及对文化差异的处理方面的独特方法。这些策略不仅反映了高罗佩对翻译任务的深刻理解，也对中西文化交流中的翻译实践提供了新的视角。

Abstract: Ban Zhao’s Nǚjie is a significant work in ancient Chinese female education literature, with profound historical and cultural influence. The translation and introduction of Nǚjie in the West have not only drawn attention to the Confucian female culture in China, but have also shaped the understanding of ancient Chinese views on women. Although several English translations have been published, studies on the rhetorical strategies of these translations and the underlying rhetorical situations remain insufficient. Based on Lloyd Bitzer’s theory of rhetorical situation, this paper analyzes the rhetorical strategies in Robert van Gulik’s translation and explores how rhetorical adaptations during the translation process respond to specific rhetorical situations. Through an analysis of the exigencies, audience, and rhetorical constraints in van Gulik’s translation, this study reveals his unique approaches to content reconstruction, domestication strategies, and the handling of cultural differences. These strategies not only reflect van Gulik’s profound understanding of the translation task, but also offer new perspectives on translation practices in Chinese and Western cultural exchanges.