医工结合视角下新型材料在尿道狭窄治疗中的应用进展

Application Progress of New Materials in the Treatment of Urethral Stricture from the Perspective of Medical Engineering Integration

摘要: 尿道狭窄是泌尿外科常见疾病，传统治疗方法经常面临复发率高、并发症多等许多挑战。近年来，医工结合领域的迅速兴起，使得新型材料在尿道修复重建领域展现出了巨大的潜力。本综述系统梳理了应用于尿道狭窄治疗的新型材料应用进展。重点探讨了各类材料的特性与应用策略：包括具有优异生物相容性、可降解性和力学适应性的新型尿道支架。研究表明，与传统治疗方法相比，这些材料在改善生物相容性、促进尿路上皮再生、抑制尿路纤维化以及实现药物精准递送方面具有显著成效，为克服传统治疗方式的瓶颈提供了新的思路。未来研究需进一步聚焦于材料的长期安全性、功能优化及临床转化应用等方面。

Abstract: Urethral stricture is a common disease in urology. Traditional treatment methods often encounter many challenges such as a high recurrence rate and numerous complications. In recent years, the rapid development of the medical engineering integration field has enabled new materials to demonstrate great potential in the field of urethral repair and reconstruction. This review systematically summarizes the progress of the application of new materials in the treatment of urethral stricture. It focuses on discussing the characteristics and application strategies of various materials, including new urethral stents with excellent biocompatibility, degradability, and mechanical adaptability. Studies have shown that compared with traditional treatment methods, these materials have significant effects in improving biocompatibility, promoting urothelial regeneration, inhibiting urinary tract fibrosis, and achieving precise drug delivery. They provide new ideas for overcoming the bottlenecks of traditional treatment methods. Future research should further focus on the long-term safety, functional optimization, and clinical translation application of the materials.