人口结构转型下农村隔代抚养现状及优化路径研究

Research on the Current Situation and Optimization Path of Rural Grandparenting under the Transformation of Population Structure

摘要: 目的：结合农村当地资源与人口结构转型、家庭抚养需求变化的社会背景，提出兼具创新性与可行性的解决方案，改善农村隔代抚养状况。方法：采用分层随机抽样，对济宁鱼台王庙镇村民进行问卷调查，应用信度检验、效度分析、描述性统计分析、相关性分析和多元线性回归分析对农村隔代抚养现状进行分析。结果：农村隔代抚养家庭中祖辈健康、教育及经济条件有限致使抚养能力不足，父母监护缺失导致亲子情感联结薄弱，农村社区托育、养老及教育指导资源匮乏致外部支持不完善。结论：社会、政府等各方应当多元共治，通过开展祖辈抚养能力培训、搭建亲子互动平台、完善托育养老及教育指导等保障资源，以此缓解农村隔代抚养困境，为人口结构转型下的农村隔代抚养提供支持。

Abstract: Objective: By combining local rural resources with the social background of population structure transformation and changes in family care needs, to propose innovative and feasible solutions and improve the situation of rural grandparenting. Methods: Stratified random sampling was adopted to conduct a questionnaire survey among villagers in Wangmiao Town, Yutai County, Jining City. Reliability test, validity analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were applied to analyze the current situation of rural grandparenting .Results: In rural grandparenting families, grandparents have limited capacity to raise children due to their poor health, outdated educational concepts and insufficient financial conditions; the lack of parental supervision leads to weak parent-child emotional bonds; and the shortage of childcare, elderly care and educational guidance resources in rural communities results in inadequate external support. Conclusion: All parties such as society and the government should act in multi-stakeholder governance. By carrying out training on grandparents’ parenting ability, building parent-child interaction platforms, and improving guarantee resources such as childcare, elderly care and educational guidance, the difficulties of rural grandparenting can be alleviated, and provide support for intergenerational care in rural areas amid population structure transformation.