C2B模式下数据中介机构中立义务的困境与出路

Dilemmas and Solutions Regarding the Neutrality Obligations of Data Intermediaries in C2B Models

摘要: 在数字经济时代，C2B模式成为数据交易新趋向，数据中介机构的中立义务亦成为保障C2B数据交易健康发展的关键。文章以“Facebook案”为典型案例，深入剖析C2B模式下数据中介机构中立义务面临的困境，包括结构性分离义务效能欠佳、服务独立义务抑制数据潜力、公平服务义务标准与救济匮乏。研究发现，上述困境源于形式分离与实质中立的错位、数据特性与市场规律的冲突以及营利属性与中立义务的矛盾。对此，文章结合我国《个人信息保护法》，为商业数据中介与政府数据交易平台设计差异化监管策略，提出推进C2B治理架构向实质中立转型、优化C2B数据要素的动态治理体系、强化C2B公平服务机制的权力制衡三大出路，旨在为我国数据市场健康发展与数字经济制度建设提供有益参考。

Abstract: In the era of the digital economy, the C2B model has become a new trend in data transactions. The neutrality obligations of data intermediary institutions have also become crucial for ensuring the healthy development of C2B data transactions. Taking the “Facebook case” as a typical example, this article conducts an in - depth analysis of the dilemmas faced by the neutrality obligations of data intermediary institutions in the C2B model. These dilemmas include the poor effectiveness of structural separation obligations, the suppression of data potential by service independence obligations, and the lack of standards and remedies for fair service obligations. The study finds that the above-mentioned dilemmas stem from the misalignment between formal separation and substantive neutrality, the conflict between data characteristics and market laws, and the contradiction between the profit-making nature and neutrality obligations. In response, combined with China’s Personal Information Protection Law, the article designs differentiated regulatory strategies for commercial data intermediaries and government data trading platforms. It proposes three solutions: promoting the transformation of the C2B governance framework towards substantive neutrality, optimizing the dynamic governance system of C2B data elements, and strengthening the power balance of the C2B fair service mechanism. The aim is to provide useful references for the healthy development of China’s data market and the construction of the digital economy system.