未成年人网络犯罪预防性治理的理论逻辑与实践进路

The Theoretical Logic and Practical Approach to Preventive Governance of Juvenile Cybercrime

摘要: 近年来，未成年人网络犯罪案件数量呈上升趋势，表现出网络犯罪技术依赖性降低、具有隐蔽性与扩散性、动机复杂化的特征，其成因主要存在于个体、环境与制度三方面。青少年触网年龄提前，而法律对新兴网络行为的规制存在延迟。在具体规则空白期，强化预防是现实可行的路径。依赖“事后追责”的传统治理模式效果有限，难以起到提前制止的作用，考虑到未成年人心智不成熟、易受暗示，其违法行为常因辨别能力不足或受他人唆使，未必出于主观恶意。因此，司法与社会干预应重在教育挽救，而非单纯惩罚。构建科学的预防体系，既能深化“惩教结合”的理论内涵，也可为《未成年人保护法》等法律的修订提供实践参考，推动未成年人保护制度的持续优化。

Abstract: In recent years, the number of online crime cases involving minors has shown an increasing trend, characterized by reduced reliance on advanced technology, heightened concealment and diffusibility, as well as increasingly complex motivations. The contributing factors primarily lie in three aspects: individual, environmental, and institutional. Adolescents are accessing the internet at an earlier age, while legal regulations governing emerging online behaviors often lag. During this gap in specific rules, strengthening prevention represents a practical and feasible approach. The traditional governance model, which relies heavily on “ex-post accountability,” has limited effectiveness and struggles to achieve early intervention. Given that minors are psychologically immature and susceptible to suggestion, their unlawful acts often stem from a lack of discernment or external instigation rather than subjective malice. Therefore, judicial and social interventions should prioritize education and rehabilitation over mere punishment. Establishing a scientific prevention system can not only deepen the theoretical connotation of “combining punishment with education” but also provide practical references for the revision of laws such as the Law on the Protection of Minors, thereby promoting the continuous optimization of the juvenile protection system.