山东省PM_2.5质量浓度时空演化特征及污染程度分析

Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Pollution Severity of PM_2.5 in Shandong Province

摘要: 基于山东省13个地市级观测站点2022年1月~2022年12月近地面观测大气PM_2.5质量浓度数据，运用统计分析方法和Arc GIS空间插值算法，系统分析了研究区域PM_2.5质量浓度时空演化态势及其污染程度时空格局。结果表明：(1) 2022年山东省PM_2.5污染在时序演化上呈“M”型波动态势，4~9月PM_2.5质量浓度较低其余月份PM_2.5质量浓度较高；空间分布上半岛沿海地区污染较弱，南部临沂地区污染最严重，其他地区污染分布不均匀；(2) 不同污染等级出现日数空间分布不均匀，轻度污染出现日数临沂地区最多，滨州地区最少；中度污染出现日数临沂地区最多，威海地区最少；重度污染出现日数临沂和德州地区出现日数最多；严重污染兖州地区出现日数最多。由此可见，山东省大气PM_2.5质量浓度在时间和空间上均存在明显的分布差异，临沂地区为山东省主要污染源，各污染等级出现日数均较多。研究结果可为下一步污染控制及防治处理提供数据支持。

Abstract: Based on the ground-level observation data of PM_2.5 concentration in 13 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from January 2022 to December 2022, this study used statistical analysis methods and Arc GIS spatial interpolation algorithms to systematically analyze the temporal and spatial evolution trends of PM_2.5 concentration and pollution degree patterns in the study area. The results show that: (1) The PM_2.5 pollution in Shandong Province in 2022 showed a “M”-shaped dynamic trend in temporal evolution, with lower PM_2.5 concentrations from April to October and higher concentrations in the other months. In spatial distribution, the pollution in the coastal areas of the peninsula was relatively weak, and the pollution in Linyi in the south was the most serious. The pollution distribution in other areas was uneven; (2) The spatial distribution of the number of days with different pollution levels was uneven. The number of days with light pollution was the highest in Linyi and the lowest in Binzhou. The number of days with moderate pollution was the highest in Linyi and the lowest in Weihai. The number of days with heavy pollution was the highest in Linyi and Dezhou. The number of days with severe pollution was the highest in Yanzhou; therefore, it can be seen that there are obvious distribution differences in PM_2.5 concentration in time and space in Shandong Province, and Linyi is the main pollution source in the province. The number of days with each pollution level is relatively high. The research results can provide data support for the next step of pollution control and treatment.