基于现场试验确定水文地质参数的方法研究

Research on Methods for Determining Hydrogeological Parameters Based on Field Experiment

摘要: 本文以溪洛渡水电站为背景，综合利用水位恢复试验、结构面注水试验及水位动态试验数据，通过不同解析模型估算了水库蓄水期的水文地质参数。基于钻孔水位恢复试验，采用Theis公式计算了渗透系数与导水系数；针对坝址区发育的缓倾角结构面，通过注水试验并运用Dupuit公式与镜像法，评估了其透水性；同时，利用长观孔的水位动态数据，结合Boussinesq方程反演了相关参数。通过对比分析不同方法的适用性与结果，揭示了坝址区不同水文地质结构的渗透性差异，为岩体透水性评价及地下水防控提供了可靠依据。

Abstract: Based on a case study of the Xiluodu Hydropower Station, this study integrates data from multiple field investigations—including water-level recovery tests, structural plane water injection tests, and groundwater-level monitoring—to estimate hydrogeological parameters during reservoir impounding using different analytical models. Permeability and transmissivity coefficients were derived from borehole water-level recovery tests analyzed via the Theis solution. For the low-angle interlayer and intralayer structural planes, which are well developed in the basalt and dominate groundwater flow, isolated injection tests were conducted, and the Dupuit formula combined with the image well method was applied to evaluate their hydraulic conductivity. Additionally, using long-term monitoring data from observation boreholes and accounting for river stage fluctuations and groundwater recharge conditions, parameters were inversely estimated using the Boussinesq equation. A comparative analysis of the different methods highlights their respective applicability and limitations, while revealing permeability variations among different hydrogeological units. The results provide a robust basis for quantitatively assessing rock mass permeability, characterizing groundwater flow, and informing seepage control strategies for the project.