论功能主义担保立法下的融资租赁制度

On the Financial Leasing System under Functionalist Secured Transactions Legislation

摘要: 在功能主义担保立法下，融资租赁交易所要关注的是融资租赁交易中出租人的所有权和第三人权利的冲突及优先顺位、承租人违约时出租人的利益如何实现等问题，其解决路径是将出租人的所有权类推适用动产抵押权的相关规定。在出租人与第三人发生权利冲突时，应当参照适用动产抵押权的优先顺位规则，类推适用正常经营活动买受人规则和第416条规定的购置款抵押权的超级优先顺位规则，避免出租人的权利因功能主义的立法而受到减损。出租人实现权利的前提在于承租人的根本违约，无论出租人采用何种方式实现自己的权利，均需要承担对未付租金和租赁物剩余价值之间的清算义务。

Abstract: Under the functional approach to secured transactions legislation, the key concerns in financial lease transactions are the conflicts between the lessor’s ownership and third-party rights, their respective priorities, and the protection of the lessor’s interests upon lessee’s default. The solution lies in analogizing the lessor’s ownership to the rules governing security rights in movables, particularly chattel mortgages. When conflicts arise between the lessor and third parties, the priority rules applicable to chattel mortgages should be applied by reference. This includes the rule for buyers in the ordinary course of business and the super-priority rule for acquisition security rights under Article 416, thereby preventing any diminution of the lessor’s rights due to the functionalist legislative framework. The lessor’s right to enforce its interests is contingent upon the lessee’s fundamental breach. Regardless of the method of enforcement chosen, the lessor is obligated to account for the difference between the unpaid rentals and the residual value of the leased asset.