纳米材料在骨肉瘤化疗中的研究进展

Advances in Nanomaterials for Osteosarcoma Chemotherapy

摘要: 骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma, OS)是最常见的原发恶性骨肿瘤，好发于儿童、青少年及老年人。当前标准治疗为“新辅助化疗–手术–辅助化疗”的综合模式，但传统化疗存在耐药、非靶向毒性、药代动力学差、骨组织穿透不足等瓶颈。纳米材料(1~100 nm)可利用高通透性和滞留效应穿越血–骨髓屏障，并可通过表面功能化实现主动靶向，实现肿瘤选择性富集。本文系统综述了2020~2025年有机、无机及复合纳米载体在骨肉瘤化疗中的最新进展，讨论临床转化挑战与未来方向，为骨肉瘤精准化疗提供参考。

Abstract: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor, predominantly affecting children, adolescents, and the elderly. The current standard of care is a multimodal regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy; however, conventional chemotherapy is hindered by drug resistance, off-target toxicity, suboptimal pharmacokinetics, and inadequate penetration into bone tissue. Nanomaterials (1~100 nm) can exploit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect to traverse the blood–bone marrow barrier and, through surface functionalization, enable active targeting and selective tumor accumulation. This review systematically summarizes recent advances (2020~2025) in organic, inorganic, and hybrid nanocarriers for osteosarcoma chemotherapy, and discusses challenges in clinical translation and future directions, with the aim of informing precision chemotherapy for OS.