恩格斯城市生态思想探析

An Analysis of Engels’ Urban Ecological Thought

摘要: 恩格斯在《英国工人阶级状况》一书中，基于深入城市的实证调查与批判性思考，系统揭示了十九世纪英国工业化城市中因阶级结构与社会不平等所导致的生态恶化问题。在《论住宅问题》中，他进一步聚焦资本主义城市化进程中的住房剥削及其环境后果，深化了对城市空间生产中生态矛盾的分析。这两部著作共同体现了恩格斯对资本主义城市问题的早期批判，尤其是从阶级视角出发，对城市布局、住房条件与生态破坏之间内在联系的系统性剖析，为其后续城市与社会理论的形成奠定了重要基础。

Abstract: In his work The Condition of the Working Class in England, Engels systematically reveals the ecological deterioration in nineteenth-century British industrial cities—problems stemming from class structure and social inequality—based on in-depth empirical investigations and critical reflection. In The Housing Question, he further focuses on housing exploitation and its environmental consequences within the process of capitalist urbanization, thereby deepening the analysis of ecological contradictions in the production of urban space. Together, these two works reflect Engels’ early critique of capitalist urban issues, particularly his systematic examination—from a class perspective—of the intrinsic connections between urban layout, housing conditions, and ecological destruction. This analysis laid a crucial foundation for the development of his subsequent urban and social theories.