马克思对黑格尔哲学的批判路径——基于《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》研究

Marx’s Path of Critique against Hegel’s Philosophy —A Study Based on the “Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right”

摘要: 《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》是马克思早期的重要著作，被视作其“两个转变”完成的标志。本文立足文本解读，旨在挖掘马克思对黑格尔法哲学批判的逻辑前提、转向的方法论依据及转向与批判的聚合点。研究发现，对黑格尔哲学的定性分析是马克思批判的逻辑前提，实践是转向的方法论依据，国家观批判的唯物视角是转向与批判的聚合点。马克思通过批判黑格尔哲学为德国社会的变革和发展指明方向的同时也为马克思哲学立场的转向提供了理论支持和方法论依据，使其能够从唯心主义走向唯物主义，从革命民主主义走向共产主义。

Abstract: The Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right stands as an early seminal work by Marx, regarded as the culmination of his “two transformations.” This paper, grounded in textual analysis, aims to explore the logical premises of Marx’s critique of Hegel’s philosophy of right, the methodological basis for his shift in approach, and the convergence point between this shift and his critique. Research reveals that the qualitative analysis of Hegelian philosophy serves as the logical premise for Marx’s critique, while practice provides the methodological basis for the shift. The materialist perspective in critiquing the concept of the state represents the convergence point between the shift and the critique. By critiquing Hegelian philosophy, Marx not only charted a course for the transformation and development of German society but also provided theoretical support and methodological grounding for the shift in his philosophical stance. This enabled him to transition from idealism to materialism and from revolutionary democracy to communism.