生态系统理论视角下农村“老漂族”的城市社区融入困境及社工介入的可行性研究

A Study on the Difficulties of Rural Elderly Migrant Population in Integrating into Urban Communities and the Feasibility of Social Worker Intervention from the Perspective of Ecological System Theory

摘要: 在老龄化越来越严重和加速推进城市化背景下，大量农村流动人口涌入城市，形成了包括“老漂族”在内的特殊群体。“老漂族”从熟悉的农村生活场域进入陌生的城市社区，面临文化与生活方式的不适应、人际关系网络的弱化以及心理适应的困境。在生态系统理论“生活模式”取向下，本文从微观、中观和宏观三个层面分析“老漂族”社区融入的主要问题，包括家庭冲突、社区支持不足以及文化与政策环境等障碍。在此基础上，探讨社工介入的可行性，从关系协调者、支持倡导者与使能者等角色出发，提出通过社区组织、自助支持网络以及个性化服务等方式，增强“老漂族”的社会适应能力，助力其完成从“无根老漂”到“新市民”的再社会化过程。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of an increasingly aging population and accelerating urbanization, a large number of rural migrants have flocked to cities, forming a unique group, including the “old migrants”. As they transition from familiar rural living environments to unfamiliar urban communities, these migrants face cultural and lifestyle challenges, weakened interpersonal networks, and difficulties with psychological adaptation. Drawing on the “lifestyle” approach of ecosystem theory, this article analyzes the main challenges facing the community integration of these migrants at the micro, meso, and macro levels, including family conflicts, insufficient community support, and cultural and policy barriers. Based on this analysis, the article explores the feasibility of social worker intervention, focusing on the roles of relationship coordinator, support advocate, and enabler. The article proposes ways to enhance the social adaptability of these migrants through community organizations, self-help support networks, and personalized services, thus facilitating their resocialization from “rootless migrants” to “new citizens”.