轻罪案件程序出罪路径研究

Research on the De-Criminalization Pathways in Minor Offense Cases

摘要: 在刑事司法现代化转型与犯罪结构“轻罪化”趋势下，轻罪案件程序出罪机制作为优化司法资源配置的关键路径，其制度价值与实践意义日益凸显。该机制通过撤案、不起诉等多元路径，在刑事诉讼前端实现案件分流，既体现刑法谦抑性，又兼顾司法效率与人权保障，推动刑事司法理念从报应主义向预防主义转变。然而，当前程序出罪面临规范供给不足、出罪标准模糊、配套机制缺失等结构性困境，亟需在法治框架下构建层次分明的出罪体系、规范裁量权运行并完善监督机制，以充分发挥其制度效能，推动刑事司法体系实现从惩罚导向向修复导向的转型，最终达成惩罚犯罪与保障人权的有机统一。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of modernization in criminal justice and the trend towards a “predominance of minor crimes” in the criminal structure, the procedural decriminalization mechanism for minor offenses, as a key pathway for optimizing the allocation of judicial resources, is seeing its institutional value and practical significance become increasingly prominent. This mechanism achieves case diversion at the front end of criminal proceedings through various channels such as case dismissal and non-prosecution. It reflects the principle of moderation in criminal law while balancing judicial efficiency and the protection of human rights, thereby promoting a shift in criminal justice philosophy from retributivism to preventionism. However, the current practice of procedural decriminalization faces structural challenges including insufficient normative foundation, ambiguous decriminalization standards, and a lack of supporting mechanisms. There is an urgent need to construct a well-layered decriminalization system within the legal framework, standardize the exercise of discretionary power, and improve supervision mechanisms to fully realize the system’s efficacy. This will ultimately drive the transformation of the criminal justice system from a punishment-oriented model towards a rehabilitation-oriented paradigm, achieving an organic unity between punishing crime and safeguarding human rights.