急性乌头碱中毒患者临床表现，ECG特点和血生化指标检测结果的研究

Study on Clinical Manifestations, ECG Characteristics, and Blood Biochemical Indicators Test Results of Acute Aconitine Poisoning Patients

摘要: 目的：研究急性乌头碱中毒患者临床表现，ECG特点和血生化指标检测结果。方法：选取2021年1月到2025年7月20日收治的50例急性乌头碱中毒患者作为研究对象，根据中毒程度分为研究组(重度中毒，n = 25)和对照组(轻度中毒，n = 25)。比较两组患者的临床症状、ECG异常表现、血生化指标(包括电解质、心肌酶谱、肝功能等)结果。结果：研究组恶心呕吐、心律失常、四肢麻木、意识障碍、低血压发生率高于对照组，P < 0.05；研究组室性早搏、房室传导阻滞、窦性心动过缓、ST-T改变、尖端扭转型室速ECG异常检出率高于对照组，P < 0.05；研究组血钾、血镁低于对照组，研究组CK-MB、ALT高于对照组，P < 0.05。结论：急性乌头碱中毒患者临床表现严重程度与中毒程度密切相关。重度中毒患者恶心呕吐、心律失常等症状发生率，以及室性早搏、房室传导阻滞等ECG异常检出率，均显著高于轻度中毒患者。血生化显示重度中毒患者血钾、血镁水平低。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, ECG characteristics, and blood biochemical indicators test results of acute aconitine poisoning patients. Methods: A total of 50 patients admitted between January 2021 and July 20, 2025 were selected as research subjects. Based on the severity of poisoning, they were divided into a study group (severe poisoning, n = 25) and a control group (mild poisoning, n = 25). Clinical symptoms, ECG abnormalities, and blood biochemical indicators (including electrolytes, myocardial enzyme spectrum, liver function, etc.) were compared between the two groups. Results: The study group showed significantly higher incidence of nausea, vomiting, arrhythmia, limb numbness, consciousness disorders, and hypotension compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The study group also exhibited significantly higher detection rates of ventricular premature beats, atrioventricular block, sinus bradycardia, ST-T changes, and torsades de pointes in the ECG compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Blood potassium and magnesium levels were lower in the study group, while CK-MB and ALT levels were higher (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The severity of clinical manifestations in acute aconitine poisoning patients is closely related to the degree of poisoning. Patients with severe poisoning showed significantly higher incidence of nausea, vomiting, arrhythmia, and ECG abnormalities such as ventricular premature beats and atrioventricular block compared to mild poisoning patients. Blood biochemical tests revealed lower blood potassium and magnesium levels in severe poisoning patients.