“以人为本”的博物馆可及性探讨——以苏州六悦博物馆为考察中心

A People-Oriented Approach to Museum Accessibility—A Case Study of the Six Arts Museum in Suzhou

摘要: 2022年国际博物馆协会(ICOM)新版定义将“可及性”纳入博物馆核心职能，标志着对于公众动态参与的深化认知。在推动公众参与非遗保护的当下，现有研究多聚焦物理可达性与数字化实践，缺乏对于可及性内涵的重视。随着“以人为本”理念日益成为博物馆发展的基本取向，博物馆作为美育实践的重要场域，亟需从人文主义视角出发，关注参与主体——观众在精神与情感层面的深层“可及”。本文以苏州六悦博物馆为研究对象，结合其可及性的内涵“六感沉浸式”的场景复原与互动设计，解构传统博物馆对艺术权威的固化认知，重构“观众”与“展品”的对话关系。通过“实用物件–废弃物件–博物馆藏品”的展陈秩序，激活民间生活经验的集体记忆与民俗艺术中隐含的民间主体性，探讨民俗博物馆发展过程中“可及性”的内涵与新变。

Abstract: The inclusion of “accessibility” in the new 2022 definition of a museum by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) signifies a deeper understanding of dynamic public engagement. In the current context of promoting public participation in the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage, existing research has predominantly focused on physical accessibility and digital practices, lacking a humanistic perspective on the concept of “accessibility” itself. As the “people-oriented” philosophy increasingly becomes a fundamental direction for museum development, museums, as vital venues for aesthetic education, urgently need to address the profound spiritual and emotional “accessibility” for their audience—the participants. This paper takes the Six Arts Museum in Suzhou as a case study. By examining its interpretation of accessibility through “six senses immersive” scene restorations and interactive designs, it deconstructs the traditional museum’s fixed perception of artistic authority and reconstructs the dialogical relationship between “audience” and “exhibit.” Through a display order that follows the progression from “utilitarian objects” to “discarded objects” and finally to “museum collections,” the museum activates collective memories of folk life and the inherent folk subjectivity in folk art. This study explores the evolving connotations and new transformations of “accessibility” in the development of folk museums.