脑梗死的多元化治疗策略：溶栓、取栓与保守治疗的综合评估与进展

Diverse Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Stroke: A Comprehensive Evaluation and Advances in Thrombolysis, Thrombectomy, and Conservative Management

摘要: 目的：了解发生脑梗死后，多元化治疗的疗效与临床选择的最新研究进展。方法：通过搜索近十年中国知网数据库进行文献检索，将脑梗死后溶栓、取栓、保守治疗文献进行纳入，通过导入文献管理软件进行手工筛选分类。结论：溶栓治疗作为急性期基石手段，受限于严格时间窗及出血风险，联合用药可增强疗效。机械取栓对大血管闭塞疗效显著，但需严格把握适应症。保守治疗通过药物联合康复降低复发风险，改善预后。未来需推进多模式联合治疗，优化时间窗管理，开发新型药物与技术，以最大化临床获益并降低致残率与死亡率。

Abstract: Objective: Understanding the latest research progress on the efficacy and clinical selection of diversified treatments after ischemic stroke. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database for publications from the last decade. Studies focusing on thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and conservative management post-stroke were included. Retrieved literature was imported into a reference management software for manual screening and categorization. Conclusions: Thrombolysis remains a cornerstone intervention in the acute phase, yet its application is constrained by a narrow therapeutic time window and bleeding risks; combination therapies can enhance its efficacy. Mechanical thrombectomy demonstrates significant benefits for large vessel occlusion, but requires strict adherence to indication criteria. Conservative management, involving pharmacotherapy combined with rehabilitation, plays a crucial role in reducing recurrence risk and improving long-term prognosis. Future efforts should prioritize the development of multimodal combination therapies, optimization of time window management, and innovation in novel pharmaceuticals and techniques to maximize clinical benefits while reducing disability and mortality rates.