益生菌在偏头痛治疗中的研究进展

The Role of Probiotics in Migraine Management: A Review of Advances

摘要: 偏头痛是一种常见的原发性头痛，主要表现为单侧、搏动性的中重度头痛，反复发作。偏头痛发作时可伴随恶心、呕吐等胃肠道症状，也可与肠易激综合征、胃潴留等胃肠道疾病共病，表明偏头痛可能与胃肠道存在一定的关系。肠道微生物组可能通过肠–脑轴影响偏头痛。益生菌通过改善肠道微生物组对偏头痛表现出预防性疗效。然而，一些研究发现益生菌可以减少偏头痛的发作频率，一些益生菌显示无效。这可能是因为益生菌的种类、剂量和人群不同。本综述不仅总结了益生菌治疗偏头痛可能的机制和益生菌对偏头痛的预防性疗效，还为未来的相关临床试验的标准化提出了一些建议，以期为偏头痛的治疗提供新思路。

Abstract: Migraine is a common primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent, unilateral, pulsating, and moderate-to-severe pain. Attacks may be accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, and migraine often co-ocscur with gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome and gastroparesis, suggesting a potential link between migraine and the gut. The gut microbiome may influence migraine via the gut-brain axis. Probiotics have demonstrated prophylactic effects on migraine by modulating the gut microbiota. However, while some studies indicate that probiotics can reduce the frequency of migraine attacks, others show no significant benefit. These discrepancies may be attributed to variations in probiotic strains, dosages, and patient populations. This review not only summarizes the potential mechanisms of probiotics in migraine treatment and their prophylactic efficacy but also offers recommendations for standardizing future clinical trials, aiming to provide new insights into migraine management.