高温矿井隔热支护一体化结构设计与应用研究

Research on the Design and Application of Integrated Thermal Insulation Support Structures for High-Temperature Mines

摘要: 随着矿山开采深度不断增加，高温热害已成为制约矿井安全生产与矿工健康的关键问题。为此，本文系统探讨了高效隔热材料在高温矿井中的应用方式，重点研究其与巷道支护相结合的一体化解决方案。通过文献调研分析多种隔热材料性能，建立一维轴对称稳态传热模型以揭示隔热层温度分布规律，并结合“气凝胶隔热毡–锚网”支护装置实例，综合对比分析了聚氨酯硬泡、二氧化碳泡沫混凝土、复合隔热材料、蛭石砂浆及隔热混凝土等材料的应用案例与性能特点。研究结果表明：理论模型为隔热效果评估提供了有效依据；气凝胶复合材料导热系数低至0.015~0.025 W/(m·K)，表现出优异的隔热性能；聚氨酯硬泡可使巷道平均温度降低4.8℃，复合隔热材料可使风流温度增幅减小5℃，蛭石砂浆在6 cm喷层厚度时效果最优，而陶粒与玻化微珠隔热混凝土的导热系数可降至普通混凝土的1/5~1/7；所述支护装置成功实现了隔热与支护功能合一，通过地表预加工和井下锚固形成了全密闭柔性保护层，在保障安全的同时显著提升了施工效率。研究证实，各类隔热材料各有优势，需根据具体矿井环境选择适用方案，未来应朝着“材料–结构–系统”三位一体的方向发展，结合多物理场耦合模型、智能调控与绿色材料技术进行深入研究。

Abstract: With the continuous increase in the depth of mining, high-temperature heat hazards have become a key issue restricting the safe production of mines and the health of miners. Therefore, this paper systematically explores the application methods of efficient thermal insulation materials in high-temperature mines, with a focus on the integrated solution combining them with roadway support. Through literature review and analysis of the performance of various thermal insulation materials, a one-dimensional axisymmetric steady-state heat transfer model was established to reveal the temperature distribution law of the insulation layer. Combined with the example of the “aerogel insulation mat-anchor net” support device, the application cases and performance characteristics of materials such as polyurethane rigid foam, carbon dioxide foam concrete, composite insulation materials, vermiculite mortar, and insulation concrete were comprehensively compared and analyzed. The research results show that the theoretical model provides an effective basis for the evaluation of insulation effects; aerogel composite materials have a thermal conductivity as low as 0.015 to 0.025 W/(m·K), demonstrating excellent insulation performance; polyurethane rigid foam can reduce the average temperature of the roadway by 4.8˚C, and composite insulation materials can reduce the temperature increase of the air flow by 5˚C. Vermiculite mortar has the best effect at a spray layer thickness of 6 cm, while the thermal conductivity of the insulation concrete made of ceramsite and glass microsphere can be reduced to 1/5 to 1/7 of that of ordinary concrete. The support device successfully integrates the functions of insulation and support, forming a fully enclosed flexible protective layer through surface pre-processing and underground anchoring, significantly improving construction efficiency while ensuring safety. The research confirms that various insulation materials have their own advantages, and the applicable solutions should be selected based on the specific mine environment. In the future, research should be conducted in the direction of “material-structure-system” integration, combining multi-physical field coupling models, intelligent regulation, and green material technologies for in-depth study.