扬州戏曲古籍的文献整理与当代价值研究——以清代抄本、刻本为中心

The Documentary Collation and Contemporary Value Study of Yangzhou Opera Ancient Books—Focusing on Manuscripts and Block-Printed Editions of the Qing Dynasty

摘要: 扬州作为清代“花雅两部互动”的核心场域与戏曲演出重镇，留存的戏曲古籍承载着地域文化演进与戏曲史转型的关键信息，却长期处于零散存藏、研究薄弱的状态。本文以扬州图书馆、扬州大学图书馆等公立机构及本地私人藏家的清代戏曲抄本、刻本为研究对象，采用文献普查、版本比对与跨学科分析方法，对200余部古籍进行系统梳理，厘清其存藏脉络与版本特质。研究发现，“盐商资助刻本”与“地方戏改编本”构成扬州戏曲古籍的核心特色：前者印证了商业资本对戏曲文献刊刻、传播的支撑机制，后者呈现昆曲与扬州乱弹的声腔融合轨迹。结合《扬州画舫录》等文献互证，揭示该批古籍在“花雅合流”研究、地域戏曲生态还原中的核心价值，提出“保护–研究–实践”的当代传承路径。

Abstract: As a core venue for the “Hua-Ya Interaction” (the rivalry between refined and popular opera genres) and a major hub for opera performances in the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou preserves ancient opera books that carry crucial information about the evolution of regional culture and the transformation of opera history. However, these books have long been scattered in storage and under-researched. Focusing on Qing Dynasty opera manuscripts and block-printed editions held by public institutions such as Yangzhou Library and Yangzhou University Library, as well as local private collectors, this paper systematically sorts out over 200 ancient books using methods including document surveys, version comparisons, and interdisciplinary analysis, clarifying their preservation context and version characteristics. The study finds that “block-printed editions funded by salt merchants” and “adapted editions of local operas” constitute the core features of Yangzhou’s ancient opera books: the former confirms the supporting mechanism of commercial capital for the engraving and dissemination of opera documents, while the latter presents the trajectory of the integration of the vocal styles of Kunqu Opera and Yangzhou Luantan (a local opera genre). By cross-verifying with documents such as Yangzhou Huafang Lu (Records of Painted Boats in Yangzhou), this paper reveals the core value of this collection of ancient books in the research on the “integration of Hua and Ya operas” and the restoration of the regional opera ecology, and proposes a contemporary inheritance path featuring the “trinity of protection-research-practice”.