原州区设施大棚破坏性大风天气学分析

Analysis of the Impact of Severe Wind Weather on Facility Greenhouses in Yanchuan District

摘要: 为了明确固原市原州区大风天气学特征，本文利用2011~2022年固原市原州区区域自动观测站逐小时极大风速(风向)、隆德站风廓线数据和ERA5再分析资料通过统计学方法深入分析了该地区大风过程。结果发现：(1) 原州区的大风主要发生在3~6月，集中时间段在11~17时，大风风向主要为西北风或北风。(2) 原州区大风环流形势主要有两种：东北冷涡型：700和500 hPa我国环流形势受东北冷涡支配，与冷涡有关的槽南压，槽后西北气流支配原州区，大风暴发。低压(低槽)东移型：700 Pa宁夏北部有一低槽或低压中心自西向东移动，槽后西北气流支配原州区，配合500 hPa槽后西北急流，大风暴发。(3) 原州区大风过程表现为槽前暖湿区向槽后干冷区的转变，湿度显著降低。春季南支槽前暖流与冷空气交汇，地面热力条件复杂，而其他季节则地面气温普遍降低。未来可基于高空槽形态、垂直运动及温湿压演变，综合研判大风生成与热力结构。(4) 大风灾害持续时间的三个等级：轻度(4~6小时)、中度(7~9小时)与重度(≥10小时)。

Abstract: To clarify the synoptic characteristics of strong winds in Yuanzhou District, Guyuan City, this study conducted an in-depth statistical analysis of local wind events using hourly maximum wind speed (and direction) data from regional automatic weather stations, wind profile data from Longde Station, and ERA5 reanalysis data from 2011 to 2022. The findings are as follows: (1) Strong winds in Yuanzhou District occur predominantly from March to June, with a peak frequency between 11 and 17 h, and are mainly from the northwest or north. (2) Two primary synoptic patterns are identified: the Northeast Cold Vortex type, where systems at both 700 hPa and 500 hPa are dominated by a cold vortex over Northeast China, with its associated trough extending southward and northwesterly flows behind the trough controlling Yuanzhou District, triggering strong winds; and the Eastward-Moving Low-Pressure (trough) type, characterized by a trough or low-pressure center moving eastward across northern Ningxia at 700 hPa, where northwesterly flows behind the trough, coupled with an upper-level northwesterly jet at 500 hPa, initiate strong winds. (3) The strong wind process in Yuanzhou District manifests as a transition from the warm, moist air ahead of the trough to the dry, cold air behind it, accompanied by a significant drop in relative humidity. In spring, warm advection from the southern branch trough interacts with cold air, leading to complex surface thermal conditions, whereas in other seasons, surface temperatures generally decrease. Future forecasting should comprehensively consider the configuration of the upper-level trough, vertical motion, and the evolution of thermal and moisture fields to better predict wind generation and thermal structural changes. (4) Strong wind disasters are classified into three levels based on duration: light (4~6 hours), moderate (7~9 hours), and severe (≥10 hours).