大型水电站地震灾害区域协同应急体系的构建

Construction of Regional Collaborative Emergency Response System for Seismic Disasters in Hydropower Stations

摘要: 山区水电站蓬勃发展的同时遭受自然灾害特别是地震灾害的威胁也在增多，对水电站主体建筑、道路等附属设施、厂区工作人员和正常运行等造成很大危害。为解决水电站地震灾害应急救援过程中统一指挥难、资源调配难、信息共享难等问题，本文从地震灾害对水电站的危害入手，基于应急协同的理论知识构建水电站地震灾害区域协同应急体系框架。结果表明：(1) 地震灾害主要危害水电站的结构、设备、坝体、地基、涵洞等设施，造成结构破坏、坝体裂缝等进而影响水电站的正常运行；(2) 地震灾害下水电站应急协同任务包含组织协同、目标协同、信息协同、物资协同等；(3) 从多地区、多部门、多领域、多层次、多力量的五个方面构建了区域协同应急体系；此成果丰富了水电站地震灾害应急救援管理的理论研究、提高了水电站防震减灾能力，促进了震区水电站的可持续发展。

Abstract: With the vigorous development of hydropower stations, the threat of geological disasters, especially seismic disasters, is increasing. It has caused great harm to the main buildings, auxiliary facilities such as roads, staff and communication networks in hydropower stations. To address the challenges of unified command, resource allocation, and information sharing in emergency rescue operations for hydropower stations during seismic disasters, the paper begins by examining the hazards of seismic disasters to hydropower stations and, based on theoretical knowledge of emergency coordination, constructs a framework for a regional collaborative emergency response system for seismic disasters in hydropower stations. The results show that (1) Seismic disasters primarily damage the structure, equipment, dam body, foundation, culverts and other facilities of hydropower stations, causing structural damage, dam cracks and other issues that affect the normal operation of hydropower stations. (2) The tasks of emergency collaboration for hydropower stations under seismic disasters include organizational coordination, objective coordination, information coordination, and material coordination. (3) A regional collaborative emergency response system is proposed, emphasizing multi-regional, multi-departmental, multi-domain, multi-level, and multi-force coordination. This achievement enriches the theoretical research on emergency rescue management for seismic disasters in hydropower stations, enhances the seismic resistance and disaster reduction capabilities of hydropower stations, and promotes the sustainable development of hydropower stations in earthquake-prone areas.