社区老年人社会隔离现状及影响因素研究

Research on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Social Isolation of the Elderly in the Community

摘要: 目的：深入分析鄂尔多斯地区社区老年人的社会隔离现状及其相关影响因素，旨在为相关护理人员制定科学合理的护理计划提供有力参考。方法：采用便利抽样的方法，于2024年9月至2025年3月，选取鄂尔多斯市多处社区的老年人进行问卷调查。使用自制的一般资料问卷和老年人社会隔离量表，了解社区老年人的社会隔离情况。采用Excel 2010录入数据，应用SPSS 27.0统计学软件进行数据分析。计数资料以频数(百分比)表示；非正态分布的计量资料采用M (P25, P75)进行描述；单因素分析通过方差分析方法进行，而多因素分析则采用多元logistic回归模型。所有统计检验均采用双侧概率检验，以P < 0.05作为统计学意义的判定标准。结果：本研究纳入170名社区老年人，老年人社会隔离得分为(11.80 ± 2.768)分，处于中度水平，影响因素包括婚姻状况、健在子女数量、居住情况(P < 0.05)。结论：在当前社会中，老年人群体面临较高的社会隔离风险。因此，护理专业人员应当针对易于遭受社会隔离的社区老年人，实施针对性的社交活动和心理护理干预措施，以期降低社区老年人发生社会隔离几率。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the current situation of social isolation of the elderly in Erdos and analyze the related influencing factors, in order to provide a reference for relevant nursing staff to formulate nursing plans. Methods: A convenient sampling method was used to select the elderly who met the inclusion criteria in several communities in Erdos, Inner Mongolia from September 2024~March 2025. A self-made general information questionnaire and a social isolation scale for the elderly were used to investigate the current situation of social isolation among the elderly in the community. Excel 2010 was used to enter the data, and SPSS 27.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Count data is expressed in frequency (percentage). The non-normally distributed continuous data were described by M (P25, P75). Pearson correlation analysis, Kruskal-Wallis H test and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis, and the difference was statistically significant with P < 0.05. Results: A total of 170 elderly people in the community were included in this study, and the scores of social isolation were (11.80 ± 2.768), which was at a moderate level, and the influencing factors included marital status, number of surviving children, and residence status (P < 0.05). Conclusion: At present, the incidence of social isolation among the elderly in the community is high, and the nursing staff should carry out relevant social and psychological care for the elderly in the community who are prone to social isolation, in order to reduce the probability of social isolation among the elderly in the community.