从“间距”到“共通”：论朱利安的中西文明观

From “Distance” to “Commonality”: An Analysis of Francois Jullien’s View on Sino-Western Civilizations

摘要: 20世纪以来西方哲学在中国所形成的超级话语霸权，使中西对话处于不平等地位。因此，中西方思想间寻找新的研究路径及领域成为迫切需要。朱利安利用“间距”概念替代“差异”，作为中西哲学研究的理论成果和思维工具。“间距”的引入，旨在激发文化互通中“孕育力”，打造一种可理解的“共通性”。中西文明经由他者文化与自身立场的对比，达成自我文化的转换与创新。双方皆在不断汲取他者文化异质性元素及自我否定过程中，实现自我超越。从而在文化交流互鉴定中真正树立起自我的主体性。朱利安通过打开“间距”使中西方思想得以直接对话，相互借鉴，实现互补。于是，探讨“如何开始思考”的问题，西方哲学“存在”议题与中国思想“生生”议题之间距，最终促进中西思想文化的融会贯通。

Abstract: Since the 20th century, the super-discursive hegemony formed by Western philosophy in China has placed Sino-Western dialogue in an unequal position. Therefore, it has become an urgent need to explore new research paths and fields between Chinese and Western thought. Julian uses the concept of “distance” to replace “difference” as a theoretical achievement and mental tool for Sino-Western philosophical research. The introduction of “distance” aims to stimulate the “fertile soil” of cultural exchange and create a comprehensible “commonality.” Through the comparison of other cultures with their own stance, Sino-Western civilizations achieve self-cultivation and innovation. Both sides continuously absorb heterogeneous elements from other cultures and engage in self-negation to achieve self-transcendence. Thus, in the process of cultural exchange and mutual recognition, they truly establish their own subjectivity. Julian facilitates direct dialogue between Chinese and Western thought by opening up “distance”, enabling mutual learning and complementarity. Consequently, exploring the question of “how to start thinking,” the distance between Western philosophy’s “existence” issue and Chinese thought’s “life-giving” issue ultimately promotes the integration and convergence of Sino-Western thought and culture.