认定自杀参与行为的构成路径

On the Criminalization Path of Suicide Participation Behavior

摘要: 在我国现行司法实践中，通常对具有故意杀人罪间接正犯性质的自杀参与行为依照故意杀人罪定罪处罚，反之则不予定罪处罚。生命虽属于个人法益，但从“法律家长主义”的角度来看，应否认自杀主体对自己生命的自主决定权，即应当认为自杀具有违法性。从“共犯从属性”原理出发，依据违法性与构成要件该当性，正是由于自杀行为作为具有违法性的正犯性为，自杀参与行为则作为共犯行为也具有违法性。自杀行为因侵害自身法益，且为自主决定，因而违法性较低，从刑事政策的角度来看不值得处罚，而参与自杀行为是对他人生命法益的侵害，应当具有可罚性。

Abstract: In China’s current judicial practice, suicide participation is typically classified as an indirect principal offender under the crime of intentional homicide or as a less severe form of intentional homicide. Although life is a personal legal interest, from the perspective of “legal paternalism”, the autonomy of the suicide subject to determine their own life should be denied, meaning suicide should be deemed unlawful. Based on the principle of “co-offending subordination”, and according to the concepts of illegality and constitutive adequacy, since suicide constitutes unlawful principal conduct, suicide participation as a co-offending act is also unlawful. Suicide, while infringing upon one’s own legal interests and being a voluntary decision, carries lower illegality and is not punishable from a criminal policy standpoint. In contrast, participating in suicide constitutes an infringement upon another’s life-related legal interests and should therefore be punishable.