“X流”构式的语义演变与构式化机制探究

Exploration of the Semantic Evolution and Constructionalization Mechanism of the “X-Liu” Construction

摘要: “X流”作为一种高频构式，广泛分布于现代汉语中，具有鲜明的等级性、趋势性与社会评价功能。本文基于构式语法和认知语言学的理论框架，梳理现代汉语中的“X流”类词语，通过语料分析对“流”的语义类型进行分类，揭示其从具体“流动”意象向抽象“等级/趋势”隐喻的演变路径。文章进一步探讨“X流”构式在“X流N”结构中的语法功能与话语作用，分析其构式化过程及语义建构机制。研究发现，“X流”构式经历了由自由组合向构式化演变的过程，其“X”部分多承载等级、趋势、文化归属等隐喻信息，而“流”则完成了从物理意义向社会象征意义的语义抽象。构式具有高度的生产力与评价功能，广泛用于网络语境、媒体话语与身份建构中。本文旨在通过“X流”构式的研究，深化对现代汉语构式演化机制及社会语言功能的理解。

Abstract: As a high-frequency construction, “X-Liu” is widely distributed in modern Chinese and possesses distinct hierarchical, trend-oriented, and social evaluative functions. Based on the theoretical framework of Construction Grammar and Cognitive Linguistics, this paper sorts out “X-Liu”-type words in modern Chinese, classifies the semantic types of “liu” (flow) through corpus analysis, and reveals its evolutionary path from the concrete imagery of “physical flow” to the abstract metaphor of “hierarchy/trend”. The paper further explores the grammatical functions and discursive roles of the “X-Liu” construction in the “X-Liu + N” structure, and analyzes its constructionalization process and semantic construction mechanism. The study finds that the “X-Liu” construction has undergone an evolution from free combination to constructionalization: the “X” component mostly carries metaphorical information such as hierarchy, trend, and cultural affiliation, while “liu” has completed a semantic abstraction from its physical meaning to a social symbolic meaning. This construction features high productivity and evaluative functions, and is widely used in online contexts, media discourse, and identity construction. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of the evolutionary mechanism of modern Chinese constructions and their sociolinguistic functions through the study of the “X-Liu” construction.