遗传算法在农村电商物流末端配送中的应用研究

Research on the Application of Genetic Algorithm in the Terminal Distribution of Rural E-Commerce Logistics

摘要: 随着乡村振兴战略的深入推进，农村电商领域规模逐年递增，然而末端物流配送的“最后一公里”难题，仍是阻碍农村电商发展的主要障碍。农村地区农户居住分散、道路基础设施薄弱、配送需求碎片化等特点，导致传统路径规划方法难以兼顾成本与效率。本研究针对农村电商物流末端“配送点–农户”环节设计车辆载货限制的路径规划模型，设计契合农村实际的遗传算法，采用实例仿真检验算法性能，对比分析得出，遗传算法在贪心解基础上能迅速找出更合理的配送路径，减少配送总路程，优化农村电商终端配送效率，为农村物流终端配送提供技术方法。

Abstract: With the in-depth advancement of the rural revitalization strategy, the scale of the rural e-commerce sector has been increasing year by year. However, the “last mile” dilemma in terminal logistics distribution remains a major obstacle hindering the development of rural e-commerce. The characteristics of rural areas, such as scattered residential distribution of farmers, weak road infrastructure, and fragmented distribution demands, make it difficult for traditional route planning methods to balance cost and efficiency. This study designs a route planning model with vehicle load constraints for the “distribution center-farmer” link in the terminal logistics of rural e-commerce, and develops a genetic algorithm that conforms to rural realities. Through example simulations to test the algorithm’s performance and comparative analysis, it is concluded that the genetic algorithm, based on the greedy solution, can quickly identify more reasonable distribution routes, reduce the total distribution distance, optimize the efficiency of rural e-commerce terminal distribution, and provide technical approaches for rural logistics terminal distribution.