直接性关联在破坏民航设施加重结果归责中的运用

The Application of Direct Connection in the Aggravated Result Imputation of Destroying Civil Aviation Facilities

摘要: 本文探讨直接性关联理论在破坏民航设施结果加重犯归责中的运用，旨在解决《刑法》第119条结果加重犯刑罚正当性问题。结果加重犯的典型结构结合基本犯罪故意与加重结果过失，但其法定刑远高于基本犯与过失犯数罪并罚上限，引发归责正当性质疑。本文提出以直接性关联理论作为限制结果加重犯成立的具体标准。直接性关联理论强调基本犯行为固有危险与加重结果之间的直接因果联系，避免归责泛化。通过对《刑法》第119条进行教义学重构，本文以“功能风险说”为核心，界定民航关键设施的破坏行为如何制造典型危险并现实化为加重结果，确保归责符合责任主义原则。本文认为，直接性关联理论可作为危险性理论的实质化补充，在司法实践中提供可操作标准，限制结果加重犯处罚范围，维护刑法公正性。

Abstract: This paper explores the application of the direct connection theory in the imputation of aggravated results in crimes involving the destruction of civil aviation facilities, aiming to address the justification of punishment under Article 119 of the Criminal Law. The typical structure of aggravated offense combines intentional basic crime and negligent aggravated result, but its statutory penalty far exceeds the upper limit of combined punishment for basic crime and negligent offense, raising questions about imputation legitimacy. The paper analyzes the limitations of the single-form theory, composite-form theory, and danger theory, and proposes the direct connection theory as a specific standard to restrict the establishment of aggravated offense. The direct connection theory emphasizes the direct causal link between the inherent danger of basic criminal acts and the aggravated result, avoiding over-expansion of imputation. Through a dogmatic reconstruction of Article 119, this paper adopts the “functional risk theory” as the core to define how the destruction of key civil aviation facilities creates typical dangers and realizes them as aggravated results, ensuring imputation aligns with the principle of responsibility. The paper argues that the direct connection theory can serve as a substantive supplement to the danger theory, providing operable standards in judicial practice to limit the scope of aggravated offense punishment and uphold criminal justice.