生成式人工智能工具对大学生批判性思维的赋能场景、潜在风险与应用策略

Empowering Scenarios, Potential Risks, and Application Strategies of Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools for College Students’ Critical Thinking

摘要: 随着人工智能的不断发展，大学生了解如何有效地利用人工智能工具至关重要。通过对其应用场景的剖析，归纳出智能知识建构中枢、智能研究协作平台、智能校园生态系统、智能发展决策引擎等四大赋能场景。然而，该工具的使用也潜藏风险，包括信息依赖存在导致能力退化的风险、思维路径同质化抑制创新性批判，以及逻辑推理能力隐性损耗等。为应对这些问题，需采取内脑定位，确立批判性思维的主体性内核；外脑赋能，界定AI的工具性辅助边界；协同进化，塑造人机共生的认知生态等策略。借助生成式人工智能工具，在规避风险的同时，切实提升大学生批判性思维水平，推动教育教学高质量发展。

Abstract: With the continuous development of artificial intelligence, it is crucial for college students to understand how to effectively utilize artificial intelligence tools. By analyzing its application scenarios, this paper summarizes four major empowering scenarios: intelligent knowledge construction hub, intelligent research collaboration platform, intelligent campus ecosystem, and intelligent development decision-making engine. However, the use of such tools also harbors potential risks, including the degradation of independent judgment ability caused by information dependence, the suppression of innovative criticism due to the homogenization of thinking paths, and the implicit loss of logical reasoning ability. To address these issues, strategies such as the following should be adopted: positioning the “internal brain” to establish the subjective core of critical thinking; empowering the “external brain” to define the boundary of AI’s instrumental auxiliary role; and promoting collaborative evolution to shape a human-machine symbiotic cognitive ecology. With the help of generative artificial intelligence tools, we can avoid risks while effectively improving college students’ critical thinking ability and advancing the high-quality development of education and teaching.